Brothels and Convents During the Renaissance essays

Massage parlors and Convents During the Renaissance articles In this exposition, I will concentrate for the most part on the guideline of the two religious circles and massage parlors in the hour of Shakespeare and the Renaissance. Ruth Mazo Karras, The Regulation of Brothels in Later Medieval England, centers precisely around this subject all through England and other European nations during the Renaissance. With respect to the religious circles I will be taking a gander at an article entitled Subjects on the World's Stage: Essays on British Literature of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, composed by David G. Allen and Robert A. White. The guidelines of houses of ill-repute during the Renaissance were respected intensely. Karras says that ladies inside these whorehouses were essentially viewed as malevolent and as miscreants yet they remained possessing the situation of prostitution exclusively as a result of the sexual cravings of men; these massage parlors were viewed as a fundamental evil(Karras). The primary equal between ladies of religious communities and stews is the part of being prohibited from being a piece of consistently society. Ladies who lived in religious communities were totally separated from the general population - no insiders could leave and no pariahs could come in (Allen). The main distinction in the mystery of these two spots was the way that massage parlors were visited by men. Karras likewise expresses that the ladies of houses of ill-repute were not given the privileges of standard ladies. In certain spots, she was not permitted to dismiss any client, without a doubt couldn't be assaulted in light of the fact that she was considered to have a place with all men and consequently reserved no option to retain assent (Karras). These two parts of womens lives in this timespan have a significant impact in the dramatization Measure for Measure, and particularly set up the scene in the initial demonstration of the play. When Claudio sends for his sister, Isabel, to assist him with escaping prison, in which he was condemned to death for having pre-marriage (by the eyes of the congregation) sex with Juliet, Isabel leaves the community where she was going to t... <!

I will explain it in the instructions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

I will clarify it in the guidelines - Essay Example  Therefore, approving willful extermination results to specialist helped passing of non-basic casualties1. Traditionalists like in America needs a domain on the world .Only on the off chance that Americans synergetic partner work intense, and achieve the potential, at that point they rule as the main practical and military superpower. Different nations will become a close acquaintence with them, work with us and exchange with them however can't figure out how to challenge with them, while, dissidents don’t need the country to be a lot of fruitful as such1. Liberalsâ consider the activity of the state administration to give openings reasonably to all and equality.â It is upon the legislature to mitigate the social ills to safeguard social freedom, element and human rights. The basic duty of government is to think about the general health and mysterious social liberties which were considered inseparably related if not comparable individuals agree to limitations on their direct by yielding to government unequivocal blemished forces and just if the administration strategy spoke to in both open and private rightsâ while then again, Conservativesâ holds on singular responsibility, fractional government, liberal markets, character self-governance, traditional2.â Believe the errand of government should bless individuals with the freedom required to rehearse the objectives of their craving. Traditional approach normally accentuates on reinforcing people to deal with their own inquiries at hand1. The significance of belief system contrasts turned into a hypothetical discussion soon after the statement of the event in political discourse2. This is because of the way that fundamental segments of belief system spread political conduct and utilization of promulgation to acquire both inside and worldwide authenticity to be recorded since previously. A serious efficient examination of the ideological system in intercontinental affiliations ended up being promising, ensuing to two circumstances that were figured it out. To

Week 1 Business Trends Assignment Free Essays

Week 1 Business Trends Assignment Tanahya Young XCOM/285 ESSENTIALS OF MANAGERIAL COMMUNICATION 3/3/2013 ALISA JACKSON Communicating hands on The correspondence association every day is an esteemed piece of my procedure to finish the subtleties of obligations layout in my position depiction. I am required to tune in to the spoke and implicit during cooperations with customers. My association necessitates that myself and colleagues have productive correspondence with one another and the customers that need our expert support. We will compose a custom exposition test on Week 1 Business Trends Assignment or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now The correspondence with in the workplace must remain a stream alongside all lines of the procedure. There is a prompt interest for compelling correspondence from the preparing office, to the workplace and straightforwardly to the customer themselves. The executives with Communication Technology keeps up and arranges my day by day exercises. Innovation progressions furnish moment correspondence with the snap of a catch. I utilize a few program databases day by day to get to much required data. Additionally, innovation causes interchanges over the globe to appear to be a lot nearer. Moment correspondence get to helps every day with reaching others with in the association in different areas particularly since many are in different areas. Practically all office workers are required to realize how to explore through the Web and to utilize word preparing, email, spreadsheet, database, and introduction programming. Patterns in Business Communication Keeping a post for patterns in business in my association is a method of providing proficient client care. When there is a pattern distinguished the correspondence factor is an absolute necessity to get the message out. The following line of business once a pattern has been recognized is to characterize and delineate an arrangement for settling the issue. Recognizing patterns and fathoming the issue of the pattern is a collaboration. There is inclusion with uncovering where the issue developed from and the entirety of the topic that made the issue. At that point there is a procedure of end with each group member’s contribution on their take of the pattern where email, Same Time correspondences and direct letters to customers for warning. Instructions to refer to Week 1 Business Trends Assignment, Essay models

Intercultural Studies on Samoa Culture Research Paper

Intercultural Studies on Samoa Culture - Research Paper Example Alongside the significant changes in the structure and stream of business exchanges today, created nations constantly mean to expand their profits on venture not just by moving the Western administration rehearses everywhere throughout the creating nations yet additionally in getting familiar with the way of life and sub-culture of different nations. Consequently, a viable intercultural interchanges assumes a huge job in making worldwide business exchanges fruitful. A compelling correspondence is tied in with having the option to viably transmit messages from the â€Å"sender† to the â€Å"receiver† (Konar, 2009, p. 159). Because of globalization, specialists and other gathering of experts ought to build up their intercultural correspondence aptitude with the end goal for them to have the option to send their messages viably to the beneficiary of the message. It implies that for the agents as well as other gathering of experts to get equipped in the utilization of intercultural correspondence, every single one of them are relied upon to have the option to completely comprehend not just the social traditions of the individual to whom they are imparting yet additionally the whole â€Å"social arrangement of the host culture† (Jandt, 2010, p. 55). By having the option to comprehend the social factors that could essentially influence how an individual think or act, businessmen or potentially other gathering of experts will have the serious edge regarding having the option to convey a viable correspondence. Each time an individual plans to speak with an outsider, the way toward experiencing a specific degree of adjustment is essential. It implies that both the sender and the recipient of messages ought to have the option to adjust with the local and host culture separately. Hence, powerful communicators should initially contemplate the social foundation of their planned business partner(s) or client(s) before starting a discussion with them. To become familiar with the criticalness of Samoa culture on intercultural correspondence,

Racism Without Racists

Either you’re with us or you’re Against Us Throughout Eduardo Bonilla-Silva’s Racism without Racists, he endeavors to depict another type of bigotry that has developed in today’s society. Bonilla-Silva alludes to this new style of bigotry as, â€Å"color-dazzle prejudice. † During the Civil Rights Era and different past timeframes, bigotry was described by merciless physical, verbal, and enthusiastic battering of minority races through activities, for example, Jim Crows Laws and other heartless acts.However, dissimilar to rough types of prejudice that were drilled years prior, this new-age â€Å"color-dazzle racism† consolidates unobtrusive, institutional, and clearly nonracial practices (Silva 2010). So as to counter this new type of prejudice in the public arena, Bonilla-Silva discloses how regular folks need to turn out to be effectively engaged with the battle against partially blind bigotry. So as to effectively battle against visually c hallenged bigotry Silva recognizes the distinction between a non-supremacist and an enemy of bigot and the specific ramifications and repercussions that go with each label.Although the change from a non-bigot culture, to another, hostile to supremacist network could create results that unravel prejudice inside and out, with this change comes a significant good situation: in the case of getting white benefits exceeds the ethical commitment of advancing uniformity in the public eye. Through this understanding of the content, I will attempt to legitimize being an enemy of supremacist in today’s world and Bonilla-Silva’s call for social development, alongside the duties and good commitments that are fused with both.Bonilla-Silva proposes that a significant change, from non-racists to enemies of racists, needs to occur all together for visually challenged prejudice to reduce in the public arena. The qualification between a non-supremacist and an enemy of bigot is described by moral commitments and dynamic investment in battling bigotry. Similarly, Bonilla-Silva proposes that being an enemy of bigot starts with understanding the institutional idea of racial issues and tolerating this stand includes assuming liability for your reluctant interest in these practices (Silva 2010).One who professes to be hostile to supremacist effectively assumes liability for their reluctant support in these practices and starting another life focused on the objective of accomplishing genuine racial balance (Silva 2010). Bonilla-Silva recommends that the change to an enemy of bigot will be testing in light of the fact that so as to satisfy the job, one is hit with an ethical situation; in the case of accepting white benefits exceeds the ethical commitment of balance in the public arena. As indicated by Bonilla-Silva, a non-supremacist is an individual who doesn't effectively battle against cultural standards with respect to race and privileges.A non-bigot is viewed as an i nactive individual who doesn't take an individual enthusiasm for fighting the â€Å"new bigotry. † A significant issue in the author’s eyes is that white Americans are viewed as the predominant race in today’s society, and the vast majority who have a place with this gathering are ignorant of the benefits that they get just by being white. For example, many white Americans increase extraordinary benefits with respect to training, openings for work, social settings, and that's just the beginning. While these benefits decidedly impact whites, they likewise help to strengthen the racial hindrance that exists in the United States today.In Bonilla-Silva’s eyes, if the white society doesn't recognize the shrouded benefits that they get, and society keeps on depicting rushes of partially blind prejudice, at that point cultural standards identified with visually challenged bigotry will flow inside culture for a very long time. Bonilla-Silva expresses that a socia l development needs to happen so as to expose the â€Å"new racism† that America is confronting today. To challenge cultural standards, individuals need to shun utilizing cliché white beliefs to legitimize racial issues that emerge all through life. These translations are generally utilized by whites professing to be non-racist.Bonilla-Silva recommends that numerous non-racists’ regularly resort to specific edges, or sets ways for deciphering data, as an approach to legitimize certain racial circumstances that show up throughout everyday life. These casings incorporate unique progressivism, naturalization, social bigotry, and minimization of prejudice. Dynamic radicalism consolidates ideas identified with equivalent chance and decision in a recondite manner to legitimize racial encounters. For instance, concerning recognizing individuals as â€Å"individuals† with â€Å"choices,† numerous non-racists fallback on the thought that individuals have the priv ilege of deciding to live in isolated neighborhoods.Next, the naturalization outline permits whites to accuse certain racial issues as common events. Inside this edge, numerous whites guarantee that the isolation that is seen today is common and a consequence of individuals inclining toward resemblance (Silva 2010). As indicated by Bonilla-Silva, this casing can be portrayed by the adage, â€Å"that’s the manner in which it is. † Another casing, or way, utilized by numerous non-bigot whites is social bigotry. This casing depends on socially based contentions to clarify the current cultural status of minorities. For example, numerous hites resort to the case that, â€Å"Mexican’s don't put enough accentuation on training, that is the reason they are behind in society† (Silva 2010). This specific casing takes into account whites to feature the setbacks and negative generalizations about certain minority bunches as their explanation behind not exceeding expe ctations in the public arena, as opposed to the way that minorities have been truly behind the predominant white race in angles, for example, instruction, financial status, occupations, and day to day environments. The last edge that Bonilla-Silva uses to fortify his contention is alluded to as the minimization of racism.This outline recommends that separation is not, at this point a main consideration that impacts the day by day lives of minorities. This idea fuses the convictions that prejudice is a relic of past times, and minorities are results independently and capacities. These casings are utilized, in joint effort, to give whites a method of communicating their convictions about racial issues without appearing to be discouraging to minorities or colorfully bigot. They additionally give the avocation that the racial disparity that happens today is carefully sensible, majority rule, and non-racist.In Bonilla-Silva’s eyes, when society, in general, goes astray from utiliz ing these edges, at that point our way of life can start to make the move from non-racists to enemies of racists. As indicated by the creator, American culture needs to make this change from non-racists to enemies of racists for a huge number of reasons. To begin with, he recommends that this development needs to happen so as to instruct the dark populace on the parts of partially blind bigotry, since this new type of prejudice has tinted blacks acknowledgment of its existence.He additionally proposes that the present gathering of enemies of racists need to connect with all whites paying little heed to sexual orientation, financial status, and instructive status so as to increase an on the whole bigger gathering of supporters. Thus, he recommends that force is in numbers, and with this force, enemies of racists can start testing partially blind belief systems inside. Another purpose behind this development that Bonilla-Silva focuses to is that reality that activists need to give cou nter-contentions to the present visually challenged outlines that non-bigot whites’ are utilizing to legitimize racial scenarios.Likewise, we have to offset basic white contentions including equivalent chance and governmental policy regarding minorities in society. A significant issue inside today’s society is that numerous whites immovably accept that segregation during past and current occasions doesn't fundamentally affect the lives of minority gatherings, when thus; this inconspicuous separation upgrades the benefits of the white race, while seriously constraining minority’s privileges.Furthermore, â€Å"Bonilla-Silva asserts that the most significant technique for fighting â€Å"new racism† is to get activist with it† (Silva 2010). The methodologies that Bonilla-Silva proposes above to battle partially blind bigotry are totally grounded on explicit and conceivable reasons and clarifications. Bonilla-Silva expresses that all together for this d evelopment to be successful, it must debase the control that visual impairment has over our entire nation. Additionally he proposes that the general air of whites with respect to race related issues should be uncovered and challenged.Another thought process in this enemy of supremacist development fuses that there ought to be an emphasis on white isolation and how this physical detachment from minorities at last influences the white races’ qualities, convictions, and feelings about race related issues. At long last, he expresses that all together for this development to be fruitful in changing the social standard of partially blind prejudice in the public eye, we have to challenge a place that may appear to be difficult to survive, anyway it is the best way to truly accomplish racial uniformity in future times.After examining this book through readings, online journals, and class conversation, the ethical issue of white benefit or correspondence has baffled me for quite a whi le. Alongside white benefit, I have been examining whether to characterize myself as a non-bigot or an enemy of supremacist, and whether to join the social development against visually challenged prejudice that Bonilla-Silva asserts necessities to occur so as to vanquish bigotry inconclusively. Before contemplating bigotry I never pondered the idea of white benefit and the enormous impact it has on my life on an ordinary basis.After my investigation of the various segments of a non-supremacist versus an enemy of bigot and the specific benefits that resound inside every classification, I feel practically regretful alluding to myself as a non-bigot. Be that as it may, in the wake of breaking down Racism without Racist’s clarification of hostile to prejudice and guarantee for an enemy of bigot development, I

5 ways to get around Columbia University COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

5 ways to get around Columbia University COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Figuring out transportation can be one of the most intimidating aspects of visiting a new city. New York City has one of the most  streamlined, yet oftentimes complicated transportation systems in the country (and possibly the world). New Yorkers love the convenience of the subway system, but hate the complications that a soggy or snowy day can easily  creates in its wake. OK, okI wont freak you out too much. Actually,  after a couple of trips from Point A to Point B its pretty easy to get the hang of how the  transportation works in the city, as former PA Allison Walker explains in a recent blog post. And  Ill prove it. Columbia University has a few tips on getting around not only the city, but on how you can make commuting from your apartment to campus all-the-more easier.  Here are 5 ways to get around Columbia University. 1.  Get An MTA Card There is no shortage of transportation options in and around the greater New York City area and beyond, thanks to the MTA and the New York Waterway. According to the  MTA, mass transit helps New Yorkers avoid about 17 million metric tons of pollutants while emitting only 2 million metric tons, making it perhaps the single biggest source of greenhouse gas (GHG) avoidance in the United States. Visit the  MTA website for subway, bus, Metro-North and Long Island Railroad schedules and service announcements. 2.  Take A Stroll Walking is the most basic form of transportation, and its one of Columbia’s preferred commute modes. Walking is a terrific way to travel for both your health and for the environment. Pedestrian activity and street life adds to the vibrancy, health, and safety of our communities. Walk on, Columbia. (Hint:Use the walk mode in  Google Maps to determine a walking route, distance, and timing.) Walking is faster than you might think 10 blocks (0.5 mile) takes about 10 minutes to walk. Most people walk about 3 miles per hour or 1 block per minute. Walking between avenues takes about 3 minutes. 3.  Bike to Campus New York City is rapidly expanding its bike-ability. In 2015, NYC reached over 1,000 miles of bike lanes. New York City doubled bicycle commuting between 2007 and 2011, and aims to triple it by 2017. At Columbia, with over 1,000 bike commuters, bike commuting has more than doubled since 2004. The growing bike culture and bike lane network is a move towards safer streets and increased transportation options. By bike it takes about: 4 minutes to bike 10 blocks 21 minutes to bike between Morningside and CUMC, via the car-free, Hudson River Greenway.  Map route 15 minutes to bike between the Upper East Side and Morningside.  Map route 8 minutes to bike between Morningside and Manhattanville.  Map route 4.  Take the Intercampus Shuttle The Intercampus shuttle runs Monday through Friday, excluding University holidays. Get real-time shuttle location and arrival information from any computer or smartphone using TransLoc. Track the Columbia buses in real-time at  columbia.transloc.com or download the free TransLoc Transit Visualization app to access information while on the go, including real-time location of all buses and announcements of potential service disruptions. Shuttle route maps may be downloaded here. 5.  Carpool With Classmates Carpooling allows you to share the cost and driving responsibilities of your commute with another passenger. This page provides information and tools to help you find carpool partners and help you learn about the incentives that support carpooling. Want more tips for getting around campus this fall? Visit Columbia Universitys Transportation website at transportation.columbia.edu. For admissions questions, please do not hesitate to contact our office at 212-854-6216 or sipa_admission@columbia.edu.

Case Study Coke Zero Research Paper - 825 Words

Case Study: Coke Zero (Research Paper Sample) Content: Running Head: CASE STUDY: COKE ZEROCase Study: Coke ZeroNameInstitutionTutorCourseDateCase Study: Coke ZeroQuestion OneFor each of the mentioned brands produced by Coca-Cola, definitely we have a group of targeted customers. Diet Coke targets specific women consumers who were concerned with issues to do with nutrition and wanted to lose weight. One thing about Coke Zero is that it is a similar version of Diet Coke in terms of taste and nutritional value. However, it targets men who want to lose their weight. The word Zero is used to remove the issue of feminism associated with the word diet. Diet Coke Plus is a brand targeting both men and women who want more minerals and vitamins because it is sweetened and fortified by adding the same. The Coca-Cola Blak has coffee essence and targets older but sophisticated consumers who are willing to pay extra for the beverage (Adler, 2007). Full Throttle Blue Demon is an energy drink which has an agave azule flavor and is design ed to appeal to Hispanic men.From this presentation, it is notable that Diet Coke will need a marketing strategy targeting women in their middles ages while Coke Zero will target men of the same age. These demographics tend to have issues with their diet and nutrition. Diet Coke Plus will target the young and middle age generation who need mineral and vitamin supplements in their bodies. The marketing of the brand can also target the older consumers. Coca-Cola Blak is a little expensive and will target older men who like coffee but ready to pay more for the drink (Adler, 2007). The Full Throttle Blue Demon, which is an energy drink, will require a marketing plan targeting Hispanic men especially from around 18 to 45 years of age. This demographic knowledge will definitely open the door towards better marketing for Coca-Colas new products.Question TwoAccording to some experts and industry analysts, soft-drink companies such Coca-Cola and Pepsi need to develop products targeting new c ustomers instead of creating variants of the existing brands. This is because rebranded products will just cannibalize lost markets instead of increasing the market share. Because of this, there are several products capable of losing their customers to Coke Zero as represented above. To begin with, the product is just the same as Diet Coke, only that it tries to remove the aspect of feminism (Adler, 2007). That being the case, the new products will definitely steal consumers of Diet Coke because it will be established they are one and the same thing. This means that Diet Coke will record reduced sales upon introduction of the new Coke brand.As well, Diet Coke Plus will also be cannibalized by Coke Zero. Many consumers who do not require extra minerals or vitamins will definitely prefer this new brand. Other brands produced specifically for female consumers such as Full Throttle Blue Demon might also reduce its sales because of the newly introduced Coke Zero (Adler, 2007). Therefore it would be necessary to come up with new brands capable of bringing new customers into the market share.Question ThreeThe hidden-camera videos used to promote Coke Zero must have been a very intelligent and effective way to help Coca Cola Company reach its targeted customers of the new product. Looking at it keenly, the marketing managers confront Elizabeth Finn Johnson and want to sue the company for Taste Infringement. Looking at this statement, the viewer of the video is definitely convinced that the newly created product is just the same as its predecessor. The only difference is that the above new Coke brand will only be targeting male consumers. This means that more individuals will be willing to give it a try and see whether the statements are true. By so doing people will realize it is the same brand target...

Messerschmitt Bf 109 in World War II

A backbone of the Luftwaffe during World War II, the Messerschmitt Bf 109 traces it roots to 1933. That year the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM - German Aviation Ministry) completed a study assessing the types of aircraft required for air combat in the future. These included a multi-seat medium bomber, a tactical bomber, a single-seat interceptor, and a two-seat heavy fighter. The request for a single-seat interceptor, dubbed Rà ¼stungsflugzeug III, was meant to replace the aging Arado Ar 64 and Heinkel He 51 biplanes then in use. The requirements for the new aircraft stipulated that it be capable of 250 mph at 6,00 meters (19,690 ft.), have an endurance of 90 minutes, and be armed with three 7.9 mm machine guns or one 20 mm cannon. The machine guns were to be mounted in the engine cowling while the cannon would fire through the propeller hub. In assessing potential designs, RLM stipulated that level speed and rate of climb were of critical importance. Among those firms which wished to enter the competition was Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW) led by chief designer Willy Messerschmitt. BFW’s participation may have been initially blocked by Erhard Milch, the head of RLM, as he had a dislike for Messerschmitt. Utilizing his contacts in the Luftwaffe, Messerschmitt was able to secure permission for BFW to take part in 1935. The design specifications from RLM called for the new fighter to be powered by the Junkers Jumo 210 or the less developed Daimler-Benz DB 600. As neither of these engines were available yet, Messerschmitts first prototype was powered by a Rolls-Royce Kestrel VI. This engine was obtained by trading Rolls-Royce a Heinkel He 70 for use as a test platform. First taking to the sky on May 28, 1935 with Hans-Dietrich Bubi Knoetzsch at the controls, the prototype spent the summer undergoing flight testing. Competition With the arrival of the Jumo engines, subsequent prototypes were built and sent to Rechlin for Luftwaffe acceptance trials. Upon passing these, the Messerschmitt aircraft were moved to Travemà ¼nde where they competed against designs from Heinkel (He 112 V4), Focke-Wulf (Fw 159 V3), and Arado (Ar 80 V3). While the latter two, which were intended as backup programs, were quickly defeated, the Messerschmitt faced a stiffer challenge from the Heinkel He 112. Initially favored by test pilots the Heinkel entry began to fall behind as it was marginally slower in level flight and had poorer rate of climb. In March 1936, with the Messerschmitt leading the competition, RLM decided to move the aircraft to production after learning that the British Supermarine Spitfire had been approved. Designated the Bf 109 by the Luftwaffe, the new fighter was an example of Messerschmitts light construction approach which emphasized simplicity and ease of maintenance. As a further emphasis on Messerschmitts philosophy of low-weight, low-drag aircraft, and in accordance with RLMs requirements, the Bf 109s guns were placed in the nose with two firing through the propeller rather than in the wings. In December 1936, several prototype Bf 109s were sent to Spain for mission testing with the German Condor Legion which was supporting Nationalist forces during the Spanish Civil War. Messerschmitt Bf 109G-6 Specifications General Length: 29 ft. 7 in.Wingspan: 32 ft., 6 in.Height: 8 ft. 2 in.Wing Area: 173.3 sq. ft.Empty Weight: 5,893 lbs.Loaded Weight: 6,940 lbs.Crew: 1 Performance Power Plant: 1 Ãâ€" Daimler-Benz DB 605A-1 liquid-cooled inverted V12, 1,455 hp Range: 528 milesMax Speed: 398 mphCeiling: 39,370 ft. Armament Guns: 2 Ãâ€" 13 mm MG 131 machine guns, 1 Ãâ€" 20 mm MG 151/20 cannonBombs/Rockets: 1 Ãâ€" 550 lb. bomb, 2 Ãâ€" WGr.21 rockets, 2 x 20 mm MG 151/20 underwing cannon pods Operational History The testing in Spain confirmed Luftwaffes concerns that the Bf 109 was too lightly armed. As a result, the first two variants of the fighter, the Bf 109A and Bf 109B, featured a third machine gun that fired through the airscrew hub. Further evolving the aircraft, Messerschmitt abandoned the third gun in favor of two placed in strengthened wings. This re-working led to the Bf 109D which featured four guns and a more powerful engine. It was this Dora model that was in service during the opening days of World War II. The Dora was quickly replaced with the Bf 109E Emil which possessed the new 1,085 hp Daimler-Benz DB 601A engine as well as two 7.9 mm machine guns and two wing-mounted 20 mm MG FF cannon. Built with a greater fuel capacity, the later variants of the Emil also included a fuselage ordnance rack for bombs or a 79 gallon drop tank. The first major redesign of the aircraft and the first variant to be built in large numbers, the Emil was also exported to various European countries. Ultimately nine versions of the Emil were produced ranging from interceptors to photo reconnaissance aircraft. The frontline fighter of the Luftwaffe, the Emil bore the brunt of combat during the Battle of Britain in 1940. An Ever-Evolving Aircraft During the first year of the war, the Luftwaffe found that the Bf 109Es range limited its effectiveness. As a result, Messerschmitt took the opportunity to redesign the wings, expand the fuels tanks, and improve the pilots armor. The result was the Bf 106F Friedrich which entered service in November 1940, and quickly became a favorite of German pilots who praised its maneuverability. Never satisfied, Messerschmitt upgraded the aircrafts power plant with the new DB 605A engine (1,475 HP) in early 1941. While the resultant Bf 109G Gustav was the fastest model yet, it lacked the nimbleness of its predecessors. As with past models, several variants of the Gustav were produced each with varying armaments. The most popular, the Bf 109G-6 series, saw over 12,000 built at plants around Germany. All told, 24,000 Gustavs were constructed during the war. Though the Bf 109 was partially replaced by the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 in 1941, it continued to play an integral role in the Luftwaffes fighter services. In early 1943, work began on a final version of the fighter. Led by Ludwig Bà ¶lkow, the designs incorporated over 1,000 changes and resulted in the Bf 109K. Later Variants Entering service in late 1944, the Bf 109K Kurfà ¼rst saw action until the end of the war. While several series were designed, only the Bf 109K-6 was built in large numbers (1,200). With the conclusion of the European war in May 1945, over 32,000 Bf 109s had been built making it the most produced fighter in history. In addition, as the type had been in service for the duration of the conflict, it scored more kills than any other fighter and was flow by the wars top three aces, Erich Hartmann (352 kills), Gerhard Barkhorn (301), and Gà ¼nther Rall (275). While the Bf 109 was a German design, it was produced under license by several other countries including Czechoslovakia and Spain. Used by both countries, as well as Finland, Yugoslavia, Israel, Switzerland, and Romania, versions of the Bf 109 remained in service until the mid-1950s.

Comparison Between Alexander Ii and Iii Essay - 1572 Words

COMPARATIVE ESSAY BETWEEN ALEXANDER II AND III Tsar Alexander II and III while father and son had very different ambitions as Tsar and different view for the future of the empire. Alexander III succeeded to his father’s throne in 1894. His reign is looked upon by most historians as a time of repression that saw the undoing of many of the reforms carried out by his father. Certainly that was a time of great economic and social change but these had led, in the West of the nation, great pressure on political system. However Alexander was deeply suspicious of the direction in which his father had taken Russia and the internal reforms that he instituted were designed to correct what he saw as the too-liberal tendencies of his fathers reign.†¦show more content†¦In fact in 1859 there were in Russia 23 millions of serfs. Alexander made up his mind to abolish it from above before that it would be done from below, through revolution. In 1861 serfdom was emancipated and this was the most important event in 19th century of R ussian history. On the other way Alexander III after his father’s dead regarding the serfdom’s reforms decided to reduce the peasant representation in zemstva and the peasant representatives were appointed and no longer elected. Also the â€Å"Peasant Land Bank† was created to buy land from the lords and all the children from the lower-class were banned from secondary education. The Tsar, by a new statute in 1890, gave to the provincial governors ‘supervision over the correctness and legality of zemstvo institutions’. The reforms of the government are connected to the abolition of the serfdom. Russia was an under governed society, having many fewer civil servants than Britain. It was essential that local people, therefore, filled administrative roles. In 1864 Tsar Alexander II introduced new bodies in Russia, called zemstva. Zemstva were local governments located in outside city areas and the people who ran them were elected by the people from the v illage. The Tsar gave them power for make small reforms because he wanted to maintain his autocratic rule everywhere. The members were chosen by three electoral colleges,Show MoreRelatedStalin Was More Effective Than Any Other Ruler of Russia in the Period 1855 – 1964 in Dealing with Opposition. How Far Do You Agree?1007 Words   |  5 Pagesnecessary. Stalin ruled as absolute dictator of the Soviet Union throughout World War II and until his death in March 1953 Opposition to the tsars was ultimately more successful than the opponents of the communist regime. The abdication of Nicholas II in 1917 and the reasons why the Romanov dynasty fell can be compared to other key events such as the assassination of Alexander II and the 1905 revolution. Comparisons can be made with the way the communist regime secured control in the period 1917-20Read MoreEssay on Tsar Alexander IIIs Reign2176 Words   |  9 PagesTsar Alexander IIIs Reign The reign of Tsar Alexander II was one that demonstrated a great change in action, attitude and policy to that of his father, Tsar Alexander II, The Tsar Liberator. Historians have long labelled Tsar Alexander II as a Liberal, reforming ruler and his son as a reactionary, oppressive heir to his legacy. Hingley argues that his thirteen years of reign were spent ...systematically destroying all of his fathers work. The choice facing TsarRead MoreWho Has More Power : The Pope Or A King?1657 Words   |  7 PagesWho has more power: the Pope or a king? The power struggle between religious leaders and leaders of nations came into fruition around the eleventh century and lasted for hundreds of years afterward. As Popes tried to gain power, their decisions were seen as corrupt by numerous Europeans. 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Plato And St. Augustine - 1090 Words

Plato suggested that values such as justice and right conduct are absolute and beyond the realm of subjective viewpoints. One of his arguments against moral relativism is that it is logically unsound. Plato proposed a multi-layered existence. There is the world of sensory perception, which includes the physical realities of existence. Plato argued for a higher level of being that he understood as a world of forms, ideas or concepts. Plato argued that conduct comes from a reference to this world of forms. By this argument, there is an eternal idea or form of each moral principle, such as justice, piety or truth. This essay will discuss the ethics of Plato, Socrates and St. Augustine According to Plato, evil is simply the result of ignorance. He believed that all people are attempting to do what they understand as good. He believes there are three parts of the soul. There is a rational and moral part of the soul that loves truth, justice and good. There is a spirited part of the soul that loves worldly achievement, riches and victory. Lastly, there is an appetitive part of the soul that craves food and carnal gratification. Plato argued that the rational part of the soul should rightly be in charge, as it is most in tune with moral value. Socrates believed that no one does wrong voluntarily. Evil is the result of ignorance. If people knew what was the right thing to do they would do it. We always choose what we think is the best or good for us. So, if someone chooses toShow MoreRelatedThe, By Plato And St. Augustine1327 Words   |  6 PagesSymposium and Confession describe instances of individuals ascending to a higher level of knowledge only obtained by a select few. Both ascents, written by Plato and St. Augustine, share similar stages, showing how the act of loving beautiful bodies morphs into the love of the soul of another human, which transforms into a love of knowledge, and finally culminates in an enlightened state. 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Octavian, the Greatest Roman Leader Essay - 1673 Words

Octavian enabled the long, nonviolent time of the Pax Romana, (Latin for Roman peace) by changing Rome from a frail, collapsing republican government to a powerful empire. He is known as the first, and one of the greatest, Roman Emperors ever. Octavian was born on September 23, 63 BC, and died in 14 AD. Born with the name Gaius Octavius Thurinus, he was adopted posthumously by his great-uncle Gaius Julius Caesar via his will, and then was named Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus. This happened in 44 BC when his great uncle, Julius Caesar, was assassinated by a group of conspirators. Additionally, he received the name â€Å"Augustus† a term meaning â€Å"the revered one† from the Roman Senate in 27 BC. Because of the various names he had, it is†¦show more content†¦After this, Octavian joined Caesar in the Spanish expedition in 46 BC despite of his delicate health. He earned the admiration of Caesar during this daring journey. Then Octavian was sent by Caesar to Apollonia, Greece to finish his education. Octavian was only eighteen years old and living in Apollonia, when he heard the news of Caesar’s assassination. He found out that he was Caesar’s adopted heir, and faced an array of advice from family, friends, and army officers. In 44 BC he took the name Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, after the murder of Julius Caesar. Octavian’s family begged him to stay where he was and renounce his inheritance because they thought the assassins of Caesar were very strong. Octavian did not take his families advice, and in a tremendously daring act he announced that he was going to Rome to claim what was his and avenge Caesar’s death. Instead he went directly to Brundisium and gathered the large amount of troops located there. To make sure that people knew who he was, he called himself â€Å"Caesar.† This identified him fully with his adoptive father, and gave him legitimacy. He switched from the unkn own Octavian to Caesar, or son of Caesar. Because of this, many of the soldiers from Brundisium joined his cause, and the army grew in size and skill. Octavian tried to make friends with the leaders of the Roman army, but Mark Antony and Lepidus opposed Octavian’s claim to powerShow MoreRelatedRoman Empire: Emperor Caesar Augustus 660 Words   |  3 PagesCaesar Octavian Augustus did. Augustus was a great leader. Leaders are necessary because they need to show leadership amongst the people and unite the people as one doing anything to keep them safe. 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Tourism An Attractive Industry For Economic Development Free Essays

string(94) " scene and the multicultural population in UK makes it a very attractive tourist destination\." ABSTRACT Tourism is widely recognized as an important catalyst for economic growth. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the tourism industry is amongst the biggest industries that make substantial contribution to the economy in terms of its contribution to the GDP, the revenue generated, increased employment and other benefits. The success of the tourism industry begs the question what are the characteristics that make it an attractive industry for economic growth. We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism: An Attractive Industry For Economic Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to respond to this question, this analysis will explore on the various tourist attraction sites including natural and cultural attractions, heritage sites, national and wildlife parks, theme parks, gardens and museums, beaches and coastal regions, and entertainment and events. This will include examining how these attractions contribute to economic development. UK will be used as the case study. INTRODUCTION Tourism is widely recognized as an important catalyst for economic growth. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the tourism industry is amongst the biggest industries that make substantial contributions to the economy in terms of its contribution to the GDP, the revenue generated, increased employment and other benefits (Business tourism 2003). Take for example the UK, the 6th largest destination in the world attracting over 32 million overseas visitors yearly (Williams et al., 2010). UK’s tourism industry is the 5th largest industry and contributes to a large proportion of the GDP. In 2007, the industry was valued at ?114 billion representing 8.2% of GDP and employing over 2.65 million people (Williams et al., 2010). In 2009, the industry was valued at ?115.4 billion of the UK economy, hence representing 8.9% of UK GDP (Williams et al., 2010). The tourism industry is further anticipated to grow yearly at 2.6%, a growth rate similar to that of retail and construction industries (Williams et al., 2010). Indeed, tourism increasingly continues to become an attractive industry for economic growth with an increasing number of visitors. This begs the question what are the characteristics that make tourism an attractive industry for economic developmentThis analysis is thus intended on exploring on these characteristics with a focus on the factors that lead to economic development. Before giving an overview of the fundamental aspects of the economics of tourism, we will first define what we understand by the term â€Å"tourism† WHAT IS TOURISM? The term â€Å"tourism† was first defined by Hunziker and Krapf (1942), the main pioneers of tourism research. They defined tourism as a sum of relations and phenomena that resulted from travelling and staying of non-residents. In this context, a stay does not result into permanent residence of the individual and is not in any way connected to permanent or temporary earning activity. This conceptual definition was for a considerable time generally accepted but had certain flaws. For example, a visit to the hospital could be considered as a form of tourism. Furthermore, under this conceptual definition, non-residents were only identified with foreigners; hence domestic tourism had no place in it. In the later years, a more succinct definition of tourism was put forth by the British Tourism Society. Based on the work of Burkart Medlik (1974), the British Tourism Society adopted the following definition. Tourism is deemed to be inclusive of any activity concerned with short-term movement of people to destinations other than their neither main continuous domiciles nor place of work (Burkart Medlik 1974). Within this conceptual definition, activities involving a stay or a visit to the destination are included. It also allows for domestic and day visits as well. This definition still applies up to date. Another conceptual definition that deserves special attention is that put forth by Gilbert (1990). Gilbert (1990) posits that tourism is a part of recreation that involves travelling to other destinations for a short term-period with the aim of satisfying a consumer need. This definition places tourism in the overall context of recreation. Recreation according to Cooper et al. (1993) refers to the pursuits engaged in during leisure time. However, it should be noted that tourism is not only confined to activities carried out during leisure time. Part of the tourism (business tourism in particular) takes place during working time including conventions and business meetings. TOURIST SECTORS Tourism comprise of five main sectors: a) THE ATTRACTION SECTOR: – this sector comprise of the natural and cultural attractions, heritage sites, national and wildlife parks, theme parks, gardens and museums, beaches and coastal regions, and entertainment and events (Anon 2004). b) THE ACCOMMODATION SECTOR: – this sector comprise of the hotels, motels, apartments, villas and flats, guest houses, holiday villages, campsites, marinas, touring caravans and condominium timeshares (Anon 2004). c) THE TRANSPORT SECTOR: – Consists of the airlines, railways, shipping lines, car rental operators, and bus and coach operators (Anon 2004). d) THE TRAVEL ORGANIZER SECTOR: – the sector covers tour operators, travel agents and incentive travel organizers among others (Anon 2004). e) THE DESTINATION ORGANIZATION SECTOR: – this includes regional and national tourist offices, local tourist officers and tourism associations (Anon 2004). In order to answer the question: what are the characteristics that make tourism an attractive industry for economic development, we will explore on the attraction sites discussed above. This will also include exploring on business tourism and its contribution to economic development. CULTURAL AND HERITAGE ATTRACTIONS Cultural and heritage attractions play a significant role in the tourism industry. Most of the world heritage sites have a cultural significance that transcend national boundaries and of importance to the present and future generations. Currently, there are 890 world heritage sites reflecting a rich diversity of the world’s cultural heritage (Endresen 1999). In the United Kingdom, sites as diverse such as the Giant’s Causeway, City of Edinburgh, Blaenavon Industrial landscape, and Manchester City help make up the UK’s heritage (UNESCO 2009). In this context, Manchester city, one of the most vibrant cosmopolitan cities has a thriving art and cultural scene that attracts a large number of visitors. The city’s attraction centres include the sports stadiums, museums and galleries, and music venues (UNESCO 2009). The rich cultural heritage, vibrant arts scene and the multicultural population in UK makes it a very attractive tourist destination. You read "Tourism: An Attractive Industry For Economic Development" in category "Essay examples" Museums which showcase the best of Britain’s culture and history attract millions of international and domestic visitors. Britain’s culture and heritage is estimated to attracting ?4.5 billion worth of spending by inbound visitors annually (UNESCO 2009). NATURAL LANDSCAPE SITES Another popular attractive site in the tourism industry is the natural landscape. Natural landscapes such as Stonehenge, the most famous and mysterious landmark in the UK, attracts a vast number of tourists (Mieczkowski, 1990). Built over 650 years ago and consisting of a ring of monolithic stones, the landmark is a very popular attractive site. Scenic landscapes such as the Wye Valley, an internationally protected landscape straddling the border between Wales and England also attracts a large number of visitors (Mieczkowski, 1990). This area that covers parts of Hertfordshire, Gloucestershire and Monmouthshire is widely recognized for its gorgeous scenery and dense native woodlands as well as for its wildlife and archaeological remains (Mieczkowski, 1990). NATIONAL AND WILDLIFE PARKS National parks also play a huge role in the tourism industry. Britain’s finest national and wildlife parks, zoos and animal attractions such as the Animalarium attract a large number of visitors (Mathieson Wall 1982). The national parks offer a variety of activities ranging from walking, exploring on the rich and cultural heritage to pursuing other activities such as cycling, rock climbing, and absailing among others (Mathieson Wall 1982). An estimated 110 million people are estimated to visit national parks in England and Wales annually (UNESCO 2009). ENTERTAINMENT AND EVENTS Entertainment and events also play a major role in the tourism industry. Majority of the concerts and music festivals taking place in the UK attract more than 7.7 million visitors, domestic and overseas combined (ICTHR 2010). The significant amount of revenue generated from entertainment and events is used in boosting the UK’s economy. A great majority of these tourists are UK residents who travel outside of their regions to attend events and see their favourite artists perform live in another region within the UK (ICTHR 2010). London dominates as the destination for live music tourism in the UK. Music tourists at the capital outnumber the local music fans. Its dominance can be attributed to the high number of domestic music tourists attending concerts. With a population of more than 7 million people, the region is host to the O2 Arena, the most successful concert venue in the world (ICTHR 2010). London region is also a host to Wembley stadium and Royal Albert Hall as well (ICTHR 2010). Its parks, mainly Victoria Park, Hyde Park and Clapham are home to a growing number of music festivals (ICTHR 2010). BEACHES AND COASTAL AREAS Beaches and coastal areas are also a huge attraction site for tourists. Tourism in the south of Wales, for example, is primarily focused on the coastal areas in order to attract its visitors. The Welsh tourist industry which is worth ?3.5billion and makes a significant contribution to Wales’ GDP relies largely on its excellent coastal scenery in attracting tourists (Williams, et.al, 2010) BUSINESS TOURISM Another important, yet least acknowledged component of the tourism industry is business tourism. It is one of the most lucrative components of the tourism industry with various benefits that stimulate the growth of the economy. In the UK, business tourism is a wide sector encompassing †¢ Conferences and meetings – the British Conference Market Trends Survey 2001 estimates this to be worth around ?7.3 billion annually (Business report 2003). †¢ Exhibitions and trade fairs: – these are listed as the 5th largest marketing medium in the UK attracting 11% of the media expenditure and are estimated at ?2.04 billion annually (Business report 2003). †¢ Incentive travel: – the value of inbound incentive travel market is estimated to be around ?165 million annually (Business report 2003). †¢ Corporate events: – estimates for this segment are between ?700 million and ?1billion annually (Business report 2003). †¢ Outdoor events: – a rough estimate of the outdoor events is around ?1billion annually (Business report 2003). In the past few decades, business tourism has grown significantly exceeding the overall tourism growth rate. According to the International Passenger Survey 2001, business tourism accounted for 29.7% of all overseas visitors to the UK and 31.7% of the inbound earnings (Business report 2003). From what can be discerned, investment in business tourism can significantly stimulate the growth of the economy. It may lead to regeneration of urban and inner cities as evident with Birmingham, Glasgow, Cardiff, Belfast and Manchester (Business report 2003). Its resilience during the great recession makes it even more an attractive industry for investment. The business tourism proved resilient, being less affected by economic downturns and by disasters such as the Foot and Mouth Epidemic unlike leisure tourism (Business report 2003). With the above in mind, it is worthy examining some of the main elements that make attractions to be appealing to many. CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURIST ATTRACTIONS It is important to recognize that tourists’ attractions are not all equal. Some may have more potential to draw visitors than others. The main elements that set attractions apart include quality, uniqueness, authenticity, drawing power and activity options. QUALITY: – high quality is a key principle for tourism development. This means offering smooth customer oriented operations and procedures and ensuring that attractions have a pleasing appearance and that they are visitor friendly (Merchant 2005). This includes asking these questions †¢ Is the attraction visitor friendly? †¢ .How does it rate in terms of the appearance, hospitality, operations and resource protection? AUTHENTICITY: – authenticity refers to originality. For example, if it is a cultural heritage attraction, authenticity would imply letting the distinctive local flavour of the community to shine in ways that create a â€Å"sense of place†(Merchant 2005). We can consider: †¢ Whether the attraction reflects the natural and cultural heritage of the community? UNIQUENESS: – this is the â€Å"edge† that sets attraction apart from competition. It involves asking the fundamental question: †¢ Is the attraction unique? Take for example, The London Eye which is sitting on the South Bank of River Thames. Hanging like a gigantic wheel, this landmark is instantly recognizable. It is currently the biggest Ferris wheel in Europe standing 135 metres high and supported by a giant A-frame which juts the spindle (UNESCO 20090. This makes it unique from other Ferris wheels which use two A-frames and axle support method. DRAWING POWER: – this is a measurement on the power to attract a large number of visitors (Merchant 2005). ACTIVITY OPTIONS: – this is an important characteristic of attractions (Merchant 2005). It involves assessing whether the attraction site offer a varied and changing set of activities. CONCLUSION Indeed, tourism is an attractive industry for economic development. Major attraction sites including the scenic landscapes, cultural and heritage sites, national and wildlife parks, landmarks, theme parks, gardens and museums, beaches and coastal regions, and entertainment among others attract a large number of visitors. There is no doubt that the industry contributes to a large proportion of the GDP and is responsible for employing millions of people. This makes it an important industry for investment. (2,070 words) REFERENCES Anon, 2004. Economic characteristics of the tourism sector, http://v5.books.elsevier.com/bookscat/samples/9780750666374/9780750666374.PDF {Accessed 21st January 2012} Burkart, A.J. and S. Medlik, 1974. Tourism. Past, Present and Future. London: Heinemann. Cooper, C., J. Fletcher, D. Gilbert and S. Wanhill, 1993. Tourism. Principles Practice. London: Pitman Publishing. Business tourism partnership report, 2003. Business tourism briefing: an overview of the UK’s business tourism industry. London http://www.businesstourismpartnership.com/pubs/briefing.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} Endresen, K., 1999. Sustainable tourism and cultural heritage: A review of development assistance and its potential to promote sustainability http://www.nwhf.no/files/File/culture_fulltext.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} Gilbert, D.C., 1990. â€Å"Conceptual issues in the meaning of tourism†. In: C.P. Cooper (ed.), Progress in Tourism, Recreation and Hospitality Management, Vol. 2. London: Pitman Publishing. Hunziker, W. k. Krapf, 1942. Grundriss der Allgemeinen Fremdenverkehrslehre. Zurich: Polygraphischer Verlag International Centre for Tourism and Hospitality Research (ICTHR), 2010. The contribution of music festivals and major concerts to tourism in the UK. London: Bournemouth University. http://www.ukmusic.org/assets/media/UK%20Music%20-Music%20Tourism.pdf{Accessed 22nd January 2012} Mathieson, A. and G. Wall, 1982. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts. London: Longman. Merchant, R., 2005. Tourism attraction characteristics. Community tourism handbook: Minnesota Extension. http://nercrd.psu.edu/entrepreneur_what_works_wksp/Handouts/MerchantCharacteristics23.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} Mieczkowski, Z., 1990. World Trends in Tourism and Recreation. New York. UNESCO, 2009. World heritage sites. http://www.unesco.org.uk/world_heritage_sites {Accessed 20th January 2012} Williams, et.al, 2010. An assessment of UK heritage coasts in South Wales: J A steers revisited. Journal of Coastal Research. http://www.griffith.edu.au/conference/ics2007/pdf/ICS087.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} How to cite Tourism: An Attractive Industry For Economic Development, Essay examples Tourism An Attractive Industry For Economic Development Free Essays string(55) " in UK makes it a very attractive tourist destination\." ABSTRACT Tourism is widely recognized as an important catalyst for economic growth. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the tourism industry is amongst the biggest industries that make substantial contribution to the economy in terms of its contribution to the GDP, the revenue generated, increased employment and other benefits. The success of the tourism industry begs the question what are the characteristics that make it an attractive industry for economic growth. We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism: An Attractive Industry For Economic Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to respond to this question, this analysis will explore on the various tourist attraction sites including natural and cultural attractions, heritage sites, national and wildlife parks, theme parks, gardens and museums, beaches and coastal regions, and entertainment and events. This will include examining how these attractions contribute to economic development. UK will be used as the case study. INTRODUCTION Tourism is widely recognized as an important catalyst for economic growth. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the tourism industry is amongst the biggest industries that make substantial contributions to the economy in terms of its contribution to the GDP, the revenue generated, increased employment and other benefits (Business tourism 2003). Take for example the UK, the 6th largest destination in the world attracting over 32 million overseas visitors yearly (Williams et al., 2010). UK’s tourism industry is the 5th largest industry and contributes to a large proportion of the GDP. In 2007, the industry was valued at ?114 billion representing 8.2% of GDP and employing over 2.65 million people (Williams et al., 2010). In 2009, the industry was valued at ?115.4 billion of the UK economy, hence representing 8.9% of UK GDP (Williams et al., 2010). The tourism industry is further anticipated to grow yearly at 2.6%, a growth rate similar to that of retail and construction industries (Williams et al., 2010). Indeed, tourism increasingly continues to become an attractive industry for economic growth with an increasing number of visitors. This begs the question what are the characteristics that make tourism an attractive industry for economic developmentThis analysis is thus intended on exploring on these characteristics with a focus on the factors that lead to economic development. Before giving an overview of the fundamental aspects of the economics of tourism, we will first define what we understand by the term â€Å"tourism† WHAT IS TOURISM? The term â€Å"tourism† was first defined by Hunziker and Krapf (1942), the main pioneers of tourism research. They defined tourism as a sum of relations and phenomena that resulted from travelling and staying of non-residents. In this context, a stay does not result into permanent residence of the individual and is not in any way connected to permanent or temporary earning activity. This conceptual definition was for a considerable time generally accepted but had certain flaws. For example, a visit to the hospital could be considered as a form of tourism. Furthermore, under this conceptual definition, non-residents were only identified with foreigners; hence domestic tourism had no place in it. In the later years, a more succinct definition of tourism was put forth by the British Tourism Society. Based on the work of Burkart Medlik (1974), the British Tourism Society adopted the following definition. Tourism is deemed to be inclusive of any activity concerned with short-term movement of people to destinations other than their neither main continuous domiciles nor place of work (Burkart Medlik 1974. Within this conceptual definition, activities involving a stay or a visit to the destination are included. It also allows for domestic and day visits as well. This definition still applies up to date. Another conceptual definition that deserves special attention is that put forth by Gilbert (1990). Gilbert (1990) posits that tourism is a part of recreation that involves travelling to other destinations for a short term-period with the aim of satisfying a consumer need. This definition places tourism in the overall context of recreation. Recreation according to Cooper et al. (1993) refers to the pursuits engaged in during leisure time. However, it should be noted that tourism is not only confined to activities carried out during leisure time. Part of the tourism (business tourism in particular) takes place during working time including conventions and business meetings. TOURIST SECTORS Tourism comprise of five main sectors: THE ATTRACTION SECTOR: – this sector comprise of the natural and cultural attractions, heritage sites, national and wildlife parks, theme parks, gardens and museums, beaches and coastal regions, and entertainment and events (Anon 2004). THE ACCOMMODATION SECTOR: – this sector comprise of the hotels, motels, apartments, villas and flats, guest houses, holiday villages, campsites, marinas, touring caravans and condominium timeshares (Anon 2004). THE TRANSPORT SECTOR: – Consists of the airlines, railways, shipping lines, car rental operators, and bus and coach operators (Anon 2004). THE TRAVEL ORGANIZER SECTOR: – the sector covers tour operators, travel agents and incentive travel organizers among others (Anon 2004). THE DESTINATION ORGANIZATION SECTOR: – this includes regional and national tourist offices, local tourist officers and tourism associations (Anon 2004). In order to answer the question: what are the characteristics that make tourism an attractive industry for economic development, we will explore on the attraction sites discussed above. This will also include exploring on business tourism and its contribution to economic development. CULTURAL AND HERITAGE ATTRACTIONS Cultural and heritage attractions play a significant role in the tourism industry. Most of the world heritage sites have a cultural significance that transcend national boundaries and of importance to the present and future generations. Currently, there are 890 world heritage sites reflecting a rich diversity of the world’s cultural heritage (Endresen 1999). In the United Kingdom, sites as diverse such as the Giant’s Causeway, City of Edinburgh, Blaenavon Industrial landscape, and Manchester City help make up the UK’s heritage (UNESCO 2009). In this context, Manchester city, one of the most vibrant cosmopolitan cities has a thriving art and cultural scene that attracts a large number of visitors. The city’s attraction centres include the sports stadiums, museums and galleries, and music venues (UNESCO 2009). The rich cultural heritage, vibrant arts scene and the multicultural population in UK makes it a very attractive tourist destination. You read "Tourism: An Attractive Industry For Economic Development" in category "Essay examples" Museums which showcase the best of Britain’s culture and history attract millions of international and domestic visitors. Britain’s culture and heritage is estimated to attracting ?4.5 billion worth of spending by inbound visitors annually (UNESCO 2009). NATURAL LANDSCAPE SITES Another popular attractive site in the tourism industry is the natural landscape. Natural landscapes such as Stonehenge, the most famous and mysterious landmark in the UK, attracts a vast number of tourists (Mieczkowski, 1990). Built over 650 years ago and consisting of a ring of monolithic stones, the landmark is a very popular attractive site. Scenic landscapes such as the Wye Valley, an internationally protected landscape straddling the border between Wales and England also attracts a large number of visitors (Mieczkowski, 1990). This area that covers parts of Hertfordshire, Gloucestershire and Monmouthshire is widely recognized for its gorgeous scenery and dense native woodlands as well as for its wildlife and archaeological remains (Mieczkowski, 1990). NATIONAL AND WILDLIFE PARKS National parks also play a huge role in the tourism industry. Britain’s finest national and wildlife parks, zoos and animal attractions such as the Animalarium attract a large number of visitors (Mathieson Wall 1982). The national parks offer a variety of activities ranging from walking, exploring on the rich and cultural heritage to pursuing other activities such as cycling, rock climbing, and absailing among others (Mathieson Wall 1982). An estimated 110 million people are estimated to visit national parks in England and Wales annually (UNESCO 2009). ENTERTAINMENT AND EVENTS Entertainment and events also play a major role in the tourism industry. Majority of the concerts and music festivals taking place in the UK attract more than 7.7 million visitors, domestic and overseas combined (ICTHR 2010). The significant amount of revenue generated from entertainment and events is used in boosting the UK’s economy. A great majority of these tourists are UK residents who travel outside of their regions to attend events and see their favourite artists perform live in another region within the UK (ICTHR 2010). London dominates as the destination for live music tourism in the UK. Music tourists at the capital outnumber the local music fans. Its dominance can be attributed to the high number of domestic music tourists attending concerts. With a population of more than 7 million people, the region is host to the O2 Arena, the most successful concert venue in the world (ICTHR 2010). London region is also a host to Wembley stadium and Royal Albert Hall as well (ICTHR 2010). Its parks, mainly Victoria Park, Hyde Park and Clapham are home to a growing number of music festivals (ICTHR 2010). BEACHES AND COASTAL AREAS Beaches and coastal areas are also a huge attraction site for tourists. Tourism in the south of Wales, for example, is primarily focused on the coastal areas in order to attract its visitors. The Welsh tourist industry which is worth ?3.5billion and makes a significant contribution to Wales’ GDP relies largely on its excellent coastal scenery in attracting tourists (Williams, et.al, 2010) BUSINESS TOURISM Another important, yet least acknowledged component of the tourism industry is business tourism. It is one of the most lucrative components of the tourism industry with various benefits that stimulate the growth of the economy. In the UK, business tourism is a wide sector encompassing Conferences and meetings – the British Conference Market Trends Survey 2001 estimates this to be worth around ?7.3 billion annually (Business report 2003). Exhibitions and trade fairs: – these are listed as the 5th largest marketing medium in the UK attracting 11% of the media expenditure and are estimated at ?2.04 billion annually (Business report 2003). Incentive travel: – the value of inbound incentive travel market is estimated to be around ?165 million annually (Business report 2003). Corporate events: – estimates for this segment are between ?700 million and ?1billion annually (Business report 2003). Outdoor events: – a rough estimate of the outdoor events is around ?1billion annually (Business report 2003). In the past few decades, business tourism has grown significantly exceeding the overall tourism growth rate. According to the International Passenger Survey 2001, business tourism accounted for 29.7% of all overseas visitors to the UK and 31.7% of the inbound earnings (Business report 2003). From what can be discerned, investment in business tourism can significantly stimulate the growth of the economy. It may lead to regeneration of urban and inner cities as evident with Birmingham, Glasgow, Cardiff, Belfast and Manchester (Business report 2003). Its resilience during the great recession makes it even more an attractive industry for investment. The business tourism proved resilient, being less affected by economic downturns and by disasters such as the Foot and Mouth Epidemic unlike leisure tourism (Business report 2003). With the above in mind, it is worthy examining some of the main elements that make attractions to be appealing to many. CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURIST ATTRACTIONS It is important to recognize that tourists’ attractions are not all equal. Some may have more potential to draw visitors than others. The main elements that set attractions apart include quality, uniqueness, authenticity, drawing power and activity options. QUALITY: – high quality is a key principle for tourism development. This means offering smooth customer oriented operations and procedures and ensuring that attractions have a pleasing appearance and that they are visitor friendly (Merchant 2005). This includes asking these questions Is the attraction visitor friendly .How does it rate in terms of the appearance, hospitality, operations and resource protection AUTHENTICITY: – authenticity refers to originality. For example, if it is a cultural heritage attraction, authenticity would imply letting the distinctive local flavour of the community to shine in ways that create a â€Å"sense of place†(Merchant 2005). We can consider: Whether the attraction reflects the natural and cultural heritage of the community UNIQUENESS: – this is the â€Å"edge† that sets attraction apart from competition. It involves asking the fundamental question: Is the attraction unique Take for example, The London Eye which is sitting on the South Bank of River Thames. Hanging like a gigantic wheel, this landmark is instantly recognizable. It is currently the biggest Ferris wheel in Europe standing 135 metres high and supported by a giant A-frame which juts the spindle (UNESCO 20090. This makes it unique from other Ferris wheels which use two A-frames and axle support method. DRAWING POWER: – this is a measurement on the power to attract a large number of visitors (Merchant 2005). ACTIVITY OPTIONS: – this is an important characteristic of attractions (Merchant 2005). It involves assessing whether the attraction site offer a varied and changing set of activities. CONCLUSION Indeed, tourism is an attractive industry for economic development. Major attraction sites including the scenic landscapes, cultural and heritage sites, national and wildlife parks, landmarks, theme parks, gardens and museums, beaches and coastal regions, and entertainment among others attract a large number of visitors. There is no doubt that the industry contributes to a large proportion of the GDP and is responsible for employing millions of people. This makes it an important industry for investment. (2,070 words) REFERENCES Anon, 2004. Economic characteristics of the tourism sector, http://v5.books.elsevier.com/bookscat/samples/9780750666374/9780750666374.PDF {Accessed 21st January 2012} Burkart, A.J. and S. Medlik, 1974. Tourism. Past, Present and Future. London: Heinemann. Cooper, C., J. Fletcher, D. Gilbert and S. Wanhill, 1993. Tourism. Principles Practice. London: Pitman Publishing. Business tourism partnership report, 2003. Business tourism briefing: an overview of the UK’s business tourism industry. London http://www.businesstourismpartnership.com/pubs/briefing.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} Endresen, K., 1999. Sustainable tourism and cultural heritage: A review of development assistance and its potential to promote sustainability http://www.nwhf.no/files/File/culture_fulltext.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} Gilbert, D.C., 1990. â€Å"Conceptual issues in the meaning of tourism†. In: C.P. Cooper (ed.), Progress in Tourism, Recreation and Hospitality Management, Vol. 2. London: Pitman Publishing. Hunziker, W. k. Krapf, 1942. Grundriss der Allgemeinen Fremdenverkehrslehre. Zurich: Polygraphischer Verlag International Centre for Tourism and Hospitality Research (ICTHR), 2010. The contribution of music festivals and major concerts to tourism in the UK. London: Bournemouth University. http://www.ukmusic.org/assets/media/UK%20Music%20-Music%20Tourism.pdf{Accessed 22nd January 2012} Mathieson, A. and G. Wall, 1982. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts. London: Longman. Merchant, R., 2005. Tourism attraction characteristics. Community tourism handbook: Minnesota Extension. http://nercrd.psu.edu/entrepreneur_what_works_wksp/Handouts/MerchantCharacteristics23.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} Mieczkowski, Z., 1990. World Trends in Tourism and Recreation. New York. UNESCO, 2009. World heritage sites. http://www.unesco.org.uk/world_heritage_sites {Accessed 20th January 2012} Williams, et.al, 2010. An assessment of UK heritage coasts in South Wales: J A steers revisited. Journal of Coastal Research. http://www.griffith.edu.au/conference/ics2007/pdf/ICS087.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} How to cite Tourism: An Attractive Industry For Economic Development, Essay examples

Letter from Birmingham Jail Analysis Essay Example For Students

Letter from Birmingham Jail Analysis Essay Martin Luther King Jr. wrote the â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail,† after an unjust proposal made by eight white clergymen. Their claims were to be that no Negro â€Å"outsider† should be allowed to establish or lead any protest and should leave them to their local neighborhoods. King replied directly to the clergymen, but used religious ties to also have his voice heard in the public. In his counter argument, King strategically used logical evidence, emotional aspects and good motives to present his perspective to the clergymen. In the beginning paragraphs, King states the main goals of his letter. He then goes on to set up the main points of his argument by stating, â€Å"You deplore the demonstrations taking place in Birmingham. But your statement, I am sorry to say, fails to express a similar concern for the conditions that brought about the demonstrations.† This not only presents an error in the clergymen argument, but it also ties into Kings belief that such demonstrations were necessary to get the point across of injustice taking place in Birmingham. Next, King mentions the intensity of segregation in Birmingham than that of other cities, strengthening his argument of why the blacks feel the need to speak out. Kings logical statements appeal to the readers thoughts, giving them a new outlook on their own reasoning’s. We will write a custom essay on Letter from Birmingham Jail Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Another logical aspect of Kings letter is when he expresses his efforts of negotiations with Birmingham merchants. The negotiations were to be that signs showing racism would be taken down and civil rights protest would be stopped. After awhile the promises of racist signs being removed did not follow through, resulting in Kings direct action. This example used by King, shows that the direct action was not originally the idea for trying to work out discrimination in Birmingham, but rather inevitable. To emphasize his argument, King stated, â€Å"You may ask: Why direct action? Why sit-ins, marches, and so forth? Isnt negotiation a better path? You are quite right in calling for negotiation.† But they had tried the negotiations, and King mentions that yes, negotiations would be better, but the community does not follow through will their deals. Thus, the need for direct action to force the issue upon the community is further exemplified. King combines the use of ethos and pathos as he compares himself and the rights of men to religious backgrounds. His first comparison is with the Apostle Paul, where Paul had â€Å"carried the gospel of Jesus Christ,† as to Kings carrying of â€Å"the gospel of freedom.† King addresses this similarity to show why he felt committed to go to Birmingham, because like Paul, he needed to respond as an aid to his people. Towards the end of Kings letter; he exemplifies courageousness in the Negro demonstrations by relating them to the actions of Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego when they refused to follow what they believed to be unjust laws. Saying that if they are supposed heroes by going against unjust laws, why shouldnt the people see Negro demonstrators the same way? They are also Gods children and by those disobedience’s, they were really showing the grace of God. These connections to religion supports their fighting against unjust laws as a divine cause. While the comparisons to Christian backgrounds may better help a religious reader better connect to Kings message, emotional suffering helps all whites sympathize to the blacks hardships. Starting out with mentioning how long the blacks have had to â€Å"wait† for desegregation when their Godgiven rights already provide for them, but the whites seem to take them away. King then addresses why the blacks cannot keep waiting by showing what many have had to experience though their lifetimes. The repetition of the words â€Å"when you,† begins as statements of what blacks have had to endure, but slowly builds up onto the readers emotions making them realize the vastness to what blacks have really gone through. King also shows how a child’s uncorrupted minds can be possessed into hatred towards the white people, â€Å"Daddy, why do white people treat colored people so mean?† Feelings as a child can build up through their lifetime, just as â€Å"when the cup of endurance runs over.† These emotional appeals brought into perspective how the simple Negro demonstrations were nothing compared to what they have had to endure while waiting, and that it was time for the waiting for finally end. .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477 , .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477 .postImageUrl , .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477 , .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477:hover , .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477:visited , .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477:active { border:0!important; } .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477:active , .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477 .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Twelfth night Persuasive EssayAt the end of his letter, King shows his ability to ask for forgiveness from the clergymen if anything he had written offended their beliefs. By doing this, King is stepping up above the two groups differences in demonstrating that he is not writing this letter in order to humiliate, but rather to help share his beliefs in the hope that they too could understand why the civil disobediences were necessary. The way King hopes to be able to meet each clergyman as a friend displays his deep wanting for desegregation to be fully established. Good intentions towards both whites and blacks were used to wrap up Kings letter in a way to show that both can live harmoniously together. The uses of logical references, emotional comparisons, and good motives help the reader see the faults in segregation and a new meaning on civil disobedience. By addressing the necessity of demonstrations, comparing himself and his followers to biblical figures, emotionally connecting the reader to the hardships of blacks, and his ability for wanting to become â€Å"friends† with the same people who persecute him allows King to help readers understand how racial prejudiced most be abolished.