Plato And St. Augustine - 1090 Words

Plato suggested that values such as justice and right conduct are absolute and beyond the realm of subjective viewpoints. One of his arguments against moral relativism is that it is logically unsound. Plato proposed a multi-layered existence. There is the world of sensory perception, which includes the physical realities of existence. Plato argued for a higher level of being that he understood as a world of forms, ideas or concepts. Plato argued that conduct comes from a reference to this world of forms. By this argument, there is an eternal idea or form of each moral principle, such as justice, piety or truth. This essay will discuss the ethics of Plato, Socrates and St. Augustine According to Plato, evil is simply the result of ignorance. He believed that all people are attempting to do what they understand as good. He believes there are three parts of the soul. There is a rational and moral part of the soul that loves truth, justice and good. There is a spirited part of the soul that loves worldly achievement, riches and victory. Lastly, there is an appetitive part of the soul that craves food and carnal gratification. Plato argued that the rational part of the soul should rightly be in charge, as it is most in tune with moral value. Socrates believed that no one does wrong voluntarily. Evil is the result of ignorance. If people knew what was the right thing to do they would do it. We always choose what we think is the best or good for us. So, if someone chooses toShow MoreRelatedThe, By Plato And St. Augustine1327 Words   |  6 PagesSymposium and Confession describe instances of individuals ascending to a higher level of knowledge only obtained by a select few. Both ascents, written by Plato and St. Augustine, share similar stages, showing how the act of loving beautiful bodies morphs into the love of the soul of another human, which transforms into a love of knowledge, and finally culminates in an enlightened state. However, Augustine’s ascent illustrates how Platonists fail to realize their rise places too much value in lovingRead MoreRelationship between St Augustine and Plato1773 Words   |  8 Pagesbetween St. Augustine and Plato Great philosophers over time have shared ideas about their lifetime. There were no more captivating philosophers than Plato and Augustine who fed off one another. Even though they were born at different times, their ideas impacted the life they lived in and future lives. St. Augustine was a student of the wise Plato, who fed off his ideas and created his own form of philosophy. Plato on the other hand orbited the idea of the theory of forms which, later St. AugustineRead MoreSt. Augustine as the True Heir of Plato Essay1144 Words   |  5 PagesAristotle and St. Augustine have both been influenced by Plato. Their philosophy on morality, politics, and the purpose of life has been platonically influenced. St. Augustine is the true heir of Plato because he has taken Plato’s ideal state, and revealed the implications of the lives that the citizens of the earthly city lead, in the City of God. Plato’s state is an ideal state, that would not function in reality. St. Augusti ne has taken Plato’s notions, and have furthered the implications of livingRead MoreSt. Augustine Accepts Platonic Concept Essay771 Words   |  4 PagesSt. Augustine was a Christian Platonist. He Christianizes many of Plato’s Greek concepts. In Confessions, St. Augustine used many Neo-plationic terms and ideas but in Book VII is when he finally has a revelation about the similarities of Philosophy and Christianity. In class, we have discussed a number of ways in which St. Augustine accepts the ideas of Plato; one of those being the theory of forms. Plato’s theory of forms describes the divine to be in the invisible, perfect, intangible world. StRead MoreEssay on St. Augustines View of Evil1070 Words   |  5 PagesChristians since the time of St. Augustine of Hippo. In The Confessions of St. Augustine, he initiates this premise and argues in its favor. Discourse about evil is based on the Christian theological teachings of the omniscience, omnipotence, and perfect benevolence of God as well as the understanding that evil is present in this world. Since these four concepts are contradictory, one of them must be rejected. Thus, St. Augustine argues that evil does not exist. I find St. Augustine’s explanationRead MoreGood And Evil : Good Or Evil?928 Words   |  4 Pagespunishment, why would God be attacking the churches and the good people of Lisbon rather than the prostitutes? The people could not stand to think that their God would do such a thing, so the idea was dismissed altogether. Long before the earthquake, Plato proposed another idea as to what evil is. Plato’s idea was based on the fact that the Demiurge, or God, had molds for things like flowers, and birds, and even humans. The Demiurge would take the chaos in the universe and pour it into these molds, givingRead MoreThe Contributions of St. Augustine and Brigid of Kildare to Christianity1003 Words   |  5 PagesThe Contributions of St. Augustine and Brigid of Kildare to Christianity St. Augustine and Bridgid of Kildare were two very influential people in the church during the fourth and fifth centuries. St. Augustine and Bridgid of Kildare were most famous for the monasteries that they founded. Both St. Augustine and Bridgid were devout Christians who contributed greatly to the growth of Christianity. Both of these people encouraged the spread of Christianity, the belief in a life of solitude, andRead More Christianity According to St. Augustine and Machiavelli Essay1388 Words   |  6 Pages In St. Augustine’s book entitled Political Writings, one could see that Christianity plays a very important role in his view of politics. His opinion on the morality or lack of morality in politics, to me makes it more evident that Christianity persuades his views. Although it seems his writings have become quite well known and admired, not everyone fully shared his beliefs. Niccolo Machiavelli, for instance, seemed to believe in a government that was not driven by morality, but more by practicalityRead MoreSt. Augustines important philosophical contributions to defend the philosophy of Christianity.1709 Words   |  7 PagesSt. Augustine made some very important philosophical contributions to defend the philosophy of Christianity. One of these contributions concerned the philosophical problem of evil. Up until St. Augustines time, philosophers questioned the idea proposed by Christians that evil generated in a world created by a perfectly good God. The problem is easy enough to understand, yet slightly more complicated to solve. St. Augustine raised some fairly good propositions to offer an explanation for this questionRead MoreAristotle And St. Augustine846 Words   |  4 PagesAristotle and St. Augustine both wrote philosophical works in order to teach us something that they have learned, in hopes that we will apply it to our own lives. However, Augustine uses a type of autobiographical style in addition to treatise in his works, while A ristotle only uses the treatise style in his works.What were they both thinking when they were writing these famous works? Did they use their respective styles to achieve a goal? Both authors used their work to teach lessons in a way

Octavian, the Greatest Roman Leader Essay - 1673 Words

Octavian enabled the long, nonviolent time of the Pax Romana, (Latin for Roman peace) by changing Rome from a frail, collapsing republican government to a powerful empire. He is known as the first, and one of the greatest, Roman Emperors ever. Octavian was born on September 23, 63 BC, and died in 14 AD. Born with the name Gaius Octavius Thurinus, he was adopted posthumously by his great-uncle Gaius Julius Caesar via his will, and then was named Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus. This happened in 44 BC when his great uncle, Julius Caesar, was assassinated by a group of conspirators. Additionally, he received the name â€Å"Augustus† a term meaning â€Å"the revered one† from the Roman Senate in 27 BC. Because of the various names he had, it is†¦show more content†¦After this, Octavian joined Caesar in the Spanish expedition in 46 BC despite of his delicate health. He earned the admiration of Caesar during this daring journey. Then Octavian was sent by Caesar to Apollonia, Greece to finish his education. Octavian was only eighteen years old and living in Apollonia, when he heard the news of Caesar’s assassination. He found out that he was Caesar’s adopted heir, and faced an array of advice from family, friends, and army officers. In 44 BC he took the name Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, after the murder of Julius Caesar. Octavian’s family begged him to stay where he was and renounce his inheritance because they thought the assassins of Caesar were very strong. Octavian did not take his families advice, and in a tremendously daring act he announced that he was going to Rome to claim what was his and avenge Caesar’s death. Instead he went directly to Brundisium and gathered the large amount of troops located there. To make sure that people knew who he was, he called himself â€Å"Caesar.† This identified him fully with his adoptive father, and gave him legitimacy. He switched from the unkn own Octavian to Caesar, or son of Caesar. Because of this, many of the soldiers from Brundisium joined his cause, and the army grew in size and skill. Octavian tried to make friends with the leaders of the Roman army, but Mark Antony and Lepidus opposed Octavian’s claim to powerShow MoreRelatedRoman Empire: Emperor Caesar Augustus 660 Words   |  3 PagesCaesar Octavian Augustus did. Augustus was a great leader. Leaders are necessary because they need to show leadership amongst the people and unite the people as one doing anything to keep them safe. Caesar Octavian Augustus was one of Rome’s greatest leaders by showing that at the age of 19, he can rule one of the most powerful nations by any means including war (http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/augustus.html) Octavian Augustus is one of the fiercest leaders in the history of the Roman EmpireRead MoreEssay on Octavian Augustus1310 Words   |  6 PagesOctavian Augustus is known as the first, and one of the greatest, Roman Emperors ever. Octavian enabled the long, peaceful time of the Pax Romana by changing Rome from a fragile, crumbling republican government to a mighty empire. Octavian’s government was strong enough to withstand weak emperors who mismanaged the Empire as well. His changes proved to be the cornerstone of the greatest empire the world has ever seen. The Pax Romana, or Roman Peace, was a time of great prosperity for all peopleRead MoreMarc Antony1183 Words   |  5 Pagescitizens. Many leaders strive to reach being one of the people’s greatest leaders, but many fail. However, there is one in particular who was capable of achieving the position of being known as ‘one of the people’s greatest leaders’. Marc Antony, who served with Julius Caesar, was known as one of the people’s greatest leaders for being a warrior, being considerate, achieving great power and appointed a part of the government. Marc Antony is known as one of the people’s greatest leaders because heRead More Augustus Caesar - The First Roman Emperor Essay782 Words   |  4 PagesThe First Roman Emperor In ancient history there have been many great leaders who had saved the Roman Empire from destruction and demise. The leaders and heroes of the Roman Empire are countless, but one leader stands out from all the rest. Augustus Caesar’s contributions to Roman history helped make Rome the dominant empire we know of today. Augustus Caesar was without a question the greatest political leader in the history of the Roman Empire.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a young adolescent, Octavian demonstratedRead MoreEssay on Augustus Caesar859 Words   |  4 PagesAugustus Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (Octavian as he was called until the adoption by Caesar, later called Augustus Caesar) was born 23 September, 63 BC. Augustus was the grand-nephew of Julius Caesar and later became his heir after he learned that his grand-uncle had adopted him. Augustus Caesar was with out a doubt the greatest political leader in the Roman Empire. He made Rome what think of it as and what we study today. Octavian’s first public appearance was in 51 BC whenRead MoreThe Most Important Resource Ever Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesempire is the Roman Empire of the Mediterranean. The story of the Empire’s establishment is a favorite of mine. The battle of Actium that lead to Caesar Augustus’(Octavian at the time) absolute rule over the Roman Empire is one that has stood my test. The Roman Empire truly began in Earth’s 4542998015th revolution of its Sun, or as humans call it 31 BCE. The fall of the Roman Republic and the rise of imperialism in the Western World can best be marked with the great Naval victory of Octavian, later AugustusRead MoreMarc Antony And The Roman Empire1430 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears; I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.† These famous words were spoken by Marc Antony at Julius Caesar’s funeral as if to solidify that Caesar has passed and the Romans should look forward without nostalgia of gone-by emperors. Marc Antony was a leader in the change of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire that spanned thousands of miles in its prime. Born in January of 83 BC to the gens Antonia, which was a prominent family with both patricianRead MoreTransformation Of Julius Caesar1324 Words   |  6 PagesAugustus Caesar was the first emperor of the Roman Empire. Before Rome w as an empire, Rome was a republic, which came to an end because of civil wars. During the republic, there was a representative government, but during the empire, an emperor oversaw making decisions, which showed that being an emperor came with a great amount of power. This was a huge transformation for the Romans, which Caesar made positive by bringing peace and stability to Rome. Augustus Caesar had a significant transformativeRead MoreEssay on The Rise and Reign of Emperor Augustus1389 Words   |  6 Pagesto be one of the greatest politicians in Rome, he was also going to touch the lives of many Roman Citizens and to be remembered by thousands of people many years after his death. He was to rule an empire that stretched from Spain to Judea. 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Tourism An Attractive Industry For Economic Development Free Essays

string(94) " scene and the multicultural population in UK makes it a very attractive tourist destination\." ABSTRACT Tourism is widely recognized as an important catalyst for economic growth. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the tourism industry is amongst the biggest industries that make substantial contribution to the economy in terms of its contribution to the GDP, the revenue generated, increased employment and other benefits. The success of the tourism industry begs the question what are the characteristics that make it an attractive industry for economic growth. We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism: An Attractive Industry For Economic Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to respond to this question, this analysis will explore on the various tourist attraction sites including natural and cultural attractions, heritage sites, national and wildlife parks, theme parks, gardens and museums, beaches and coastal regions, and entertainment and events. This will include examining how these attractions contribute to economic development. UK will be used as the case study. INTRODUCTION Tourism is widely recognized as an important catalyst for economic growth. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the tourism industry is amongst the biggest industries that make substantial contributions to the economy in terms of its contribution to the GDP, the revenue generated, increased employment and other benefits (Business tourism 2003). Take for example the UK, the 6th largest destination in the world attracting over 32 million overseas visitors yearly (Williams et al., 2010). UK’s tourism industry is the 5th largest industry and contributes to a large proportion of the GDP. In 2007, the industry was valued at ?114 billion representing 8.2% of GDP and employing over 2.65 million people (Williams et al., 2010). In 2009, the industry was valued at ?115.4 billion of the UK economy, hence representing 8.9% of UK GDP (Williams et al., 2010). The tourism industry is further anticipated to grow yearly at 2.6%, a growth rate similar to that of retail and construction industries (Williams et al., 2010). Indeed, tourism increasingly continues to become an attractive industry for economic growth with an increasing number of visitors. This begs the question what are the characteristics that make tourism an attractive industry for economic developmentThis analysis is thus intended on exploring on these characteristics with a focus on the factors that lead to economic development. Before giving an overview of the fundamental aspects of the economics of tourism, we will first define what we understand by the term â€Å"tourism† WHAT IS TOURISM? The term â€Å"tourism† was first defined by Hunziker and Krapf (1942), the main pioneers of tourism research. They defined tourism as a sum of relations and phenomena that resulted from travelling and staying of non-residents. In this context, a stay does not result into permanent residence of the individual and is not in any way connected to permanent or temporary earning activity. This conceptual definition was for a considerable time generally accepted but had certain flaws. For example, a visit to the hospital could be considered as a form of tourism. Furthermore, under this conceptual definition, non-residents were only identified with foreigners; hence domestic tourism had no place in it. In the later years, a more succinct definition of tourism was put forth by the British Tourism Society. Based on the work of Burkart Medlik (1974), the British Tourism Society adopted the following definition. Tourism is deemed to be inclusive of any activity concerned with short-term movement of people to destinations other than their neither main continuous domiciles nor place of work (Burkart Medlik 1974). Within this conceptual definition, activities involving a stay or a visit to the destination are included. It also allows for domestic and day visits as well. This definition still applies up to date. Another conceptual definition that deserves special attention is that put forth by Gilbert (1990). Gilbert (1990) posits that tourism is a part of recreation that involves travelling to other destinations for a short term-period with the aim of satisfying a consumer need. This definition places tourism in the overall context of recreation. Recreation according to Cooper et al. (1993) refers to the pursuits engaged in during leisure time. However, it should be noted that tourism is not only confined to activities carried out during leisure time. Part of the tourism (business tourism in particular) takes place during working time including conventions and business meetings. TOURIST SECTORS Tourism comprise of five main sectors: a) THE ATTRACTION SECTOR: – this sector comprise of the natural and cultural attractions, heritage sites, national and wildlife parks, theme parks, gardens and museums, beaches and coastal regions, and entertainment and events (Anon 2004). b) THE ACCOMMODATION SECTOR: – this sector comprise of the hotels, motels, apartments, villas and flats, guest houses, holiday villages, campsites, marinas, touring caravans and condominium timeshares (Anon 2004). c) THE TRANSPORT SECTOR: – Consists of the airlines, railways, shipping lines, car rental operators, and bus and coach operators (Anon 2004). d) THE TRAVEL ORGANIZER SECTOR: – the sector covers tour operators, travel agents and incentive travel organizers among others (Anon 2004). e) THE DESTINATION ORGANIZATION SECTOR: – this includes regional and national tourist offices, local tourist officers and tourism associations (Anon 2004). In order to answer the question: what are the characteristics that make tourism an attractive industry for economic development, we will explore on the attraction sites discussed above. This will also include exploring on business tourism and its contribution to economic development. CULTURAL AND HERITAGE ATTRACTIONS Cultural and heritage attractions play a significant role in the tourism industry. Most of the world heritage sites have a cultural significance that transcend national boundaries and of importance to the present and future generations. Currently, there are 890 world heritage sites reflecting a rich diversity of the world’s cultural heritage (Endresen 1999). In the United Kingdom, sites as diverse such as the Giant’s Causeway, City of Edinburgh, Blaenavon Industrial landscape, and Manchester City help make up the UK’s heritage (UNESCO 2009). In this context, Manchester city, one of the most vibrant cosmopolitan cities has a thriving art and cultural scene that attracts a large number of visitors. The city’s attraction centres include the sports stadiums, museums and galleries, and music venues (UNESCO 2009). The rich cultural heritage, vibrant arts scene and the multicultural population in UK makes it a very attractive tourist destination. You read "Tourism: An Attractive Industry For Economic Development" in category "Essay examples" Museums which showcase the best of Britain’s culture and history attract millions of international and domestic visitors. Britain’s culture and heritage is estimated to attracting ?4.5 billion worth of spending by inbound visitors annually (UNESCO 2009). NATURAL LANDSCAPE SITES Another popular attractive site in the tourism industry is the natural landscape. Natural landscapes such as Stonehenge, the most famous and mysterious landmark in the UK, attracts a vast number of tourists (Mieczkowski, 1990). Built over 650 years ago and consisting of a ring of monolithic stones, the landmark is a very popular attractive site. Scenic landscapes such as the Wye Valley, an internationally protected landscape straddling the border between Wales and England also attracts a large number of visitors (Mieczkowski, 1990). This area that covers parts of Hertfordshire, Gloucestershire and Monmouthshire is widely recognized for its gorgeous scenery and dense native woodlands as well as for its wildlife and archaeological remains (Mieczkowski, 1990). NATIONAL AND WILDLIFE PARKS National parks also play a huge role in the tourism industry. Britain’s finest national and wildlife parks, zoos and animal attractions such as the Animalarium attract a large number of visitors (Mathieson Wall 1982). The national parks offer a variety of activities ranging from walking, exploring on the rich and cultural heritage to pursuing other activities such as cycling, rock climbing, and absailing among others (Mathieson Wall 1982). An estimated 110 million people are estimated to visit national parks in England and Wales annually (UNESCO 2009). ENTERTAINMENT AND EVENTS Entertainment and events also play a major role in the tourism industry. Majority of the concerts and music festivals taking place in the UK attract more than 7.7 million visitors, domestic and overseas combined (ICTHR 2010). The significant amount of revenue generated from entertainment and events is used in boosting the UK’s economy. A great majority of these tourists are UK residents who travel outside of their regions to attend events and see their favourite artists perform live in another region within the UK (ICTHR 2010). London dominates as the destination for live music tourism in the UK. Music tourists at the capital outnumber the local music fans. Its dominance can be attributed to the high number of domestic music tourists attending concerts. With a population of more than 7 million people, the region is host to the O2 Arena, the most successful concert venue in the world (ICTHR 2010). London region is also a host to Wembley stadium and Royal Albert Hall as well (ICTHR 2010). Its parks, mainly Victoria Park, Hyde Park and Clapham are home to a growing number of music festivals (ICTHR 2010). BEACHES AND COASTAL AREAS Beaches and coastal areas are also a huge attraction site for tourists. Tourism in the south of Wales, for example, is primarily focused on the coastal areas in order to attract its visitors. The Welsh tourist industry which is worth ?3.5billion and makes a significant contribution to Wales’ GDP relies largely on its excellent coastal scenery in attracting tourists (Williams, et.al, 2010) BUSINESS TOURISM Another important, yet least acknowledged component of the tourism industry is business tourism. It is one of the most lucrative components of the tourism industry with various benefits that stimulate the growth of the economy. In the UK, business tourism is a wide sector encompassing †¢ Conferences and meetings – the British Conference Market Trends Survey 2001 estimates this to be worth around ?7.3 billion annually (Business report 2003). †¢ Exhibitions and trade fairs: – these are listed as the 5th largest marketing medium in the UK attracting 11% of the media expenditure and are estimated at ?2.04 billion annually (Business report 2003). †¢ Incentive travel: – the value of inbound incentive travel market is estimated to be around ?165 million annually (Business report 2003). †¢ Corporate events: – estimates for this segment are between ?700 million and ?1billion annually (Business report 2003). †¢ Outdoor events: – a rough estimate of the outdoor events is around ?1billion annually (Business report 2003). In the past few decades, business tourism has grown significantly exceeding the overall tourism growth rate. According to the International Passenger Survey 2001, business tourism accounted for 29.7% of all overseas visitors to the UK and 31.7% of the inbound earnings (Business report 2003). From what can be discerned, investment in business tourism can significantly stimulate the growth of the economy. It may lead to regeneration of urban and inner cities as evident with Birmingham, Glasgow, Cardiff, Belfast and Manchester (Business report 2003). Its resilience during the great recession makes it even more an attractive industry for investment. The business tourism proved resilient, being less affected by economic downturns and by disasters such as the Foot and Mouth Epidemic unlike leisure tourism (Business report 2003). With the above in mind, it is worthy examining some of the main elements that make attractions to be appealing to many. CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURIST ATTRACTIONS It is important to recognize that tourists’ attractions are not all equal. Some may have more potential to draw visitors than others. The main elements that set attractions apart include quality, uniqueness, authenticity, drawing power and activity options. QUALITY: – high quality is a key principle for tourism development. This means offering smooth customer oriented operations and procedures and ensuring that attractions have a pleasing appearance and that they are visitor friendly (Merchant 2005). This includes asking these questions †¢ Is the attraction visitor friendly? †¢ .How does it rate in terms of the appearance, hospitality, operations and resource protection? AUTHENTICITY: – authenticity refers to originality. For example, if it is a cultural heritage attraction, authenticity would imply letting the distinctive local flavour of the community to shine in ways that create a â€Å"sense of place†(Merchant 2005). We can consider: †¢ Whether the attraction reflects the natural and cultural heritage of the community? UNIQUENESS: – this is the â€Å"edge† that sets attraction apart from competition. It involves asking the fundamental question: †¢ Is the attraction unique? Take for example, The London Eye which is sitting on the South Bank of River Thames. Hanging like a gigantic wheel, this landmark is instantly recognizable. It is currently the biggest Ferris wheel in Europe standing 135 metres high and supported by a giant A-frame which juts the spindle (UNESCO 20090. This makes it unique from other Ferris wheels which use two A-frames and axle support method. DRAWING POWER: – this is a measurement on the power to attract a large number of visitors (Merchant 2005). ACTIVITY OPTIONS: – this is an important characteristic of attractions (Merchant 2005). It involves assessing whether the attraction site offer a varied and changing set of activities. CONCLUSION Indeed, tourism is an attractive industry for economic development. Major attraction sites including the scenic landscapes, cultural and heritage sites, national and wildlife parks, landmarks, theme parks, gardens and museums, beaches and coastal regions, and entertainment among others attract a large number of visitors. There is no doubt that the industry contributes to a large proportion of the GDP and is responsible for employing millions of people. This makes it an important industry for investment. (2,070 words) REFERENCES Anon, 2004. Economic characteristics of the tourism sector, http://v5.books.elsevier.com/bookscat/samples/9780750666374/9780750666374.PDF {Accessed 21st January 2012} Burkart, A.J. and S. Medlik, 1974. Tourism. Past, Present and Future. London: Heinemann. Cooper, C., J. Fletcher, D. Gilbert and S. Wanhill, 1993. Tourism. Principles Practice. London: Pitman Publishing. Business tourism partnership report, 2003. Business tourism briefing: an overview of the UK’s business tourism industry. London http://www.businesstourismpartnership.com/pubs/briefing.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} Endresen, K., 1999. Sustainable tourism and cultural heritage: A review of development assistance and its potential to promote sustainability http://www.nwhf.no/files/File/culture_fulltext.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} Gilbert, D.C., 1990. â€Å"Conceptual issues in the meaning of tourism†. In: C.P. Cooper (ed.), Progress in Tourism, Recreation and Hospitality Management, Vol. 2. London: Pitman Publishing. Hunziker, W. k. Krapf, 1942. Grundriss der Allgemeinen Fremdenverkehrslehre. Zurich: Polygraphischer Verlag International Centre for Tourism and Hospitality Research (ICTHR), 2010. The contribution of music festivals and major concerts to tourism in the UK. London: Bournemouth University. http://www.ukmusic.org/assets/media/UK%20Music%20-Music%20Tourism.pdf{Accessed 22nd January 2012} Mathieson, A. and G. Wall, 1982. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts. London: Longman. Merchant, R., 2005. Tourism attraction characteristics. Community tourism handbook: Minnesota Extension. http://nercrd.psu.edu/entrepreneur_what_works_wksp/Handouts/MerchantCharacteristics23.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} Mieczkowski, Z., 1990. World Trends in Tourism and Recreation. New York. UNESCO, 2009. World heritage sites. http://www.unesco.org.uk/world_heritage_sites {Accessed 20th January 2012} Williams, et.al, 2010. An assessment of UK heritage coasts in South Wales: J A steers revisited. Journal of Coastal Research. http://www.griffith.edu.au/conference/ics2007/pdf/ICS087.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} How to cite Tourism: An Attractive Industry For Economic Development, Essay examples Tourism An Attractive Industry For Economic Development Free Essays string(55) " in UK makes it a very attractive tourist destination\." ABSTRACT Tourism is widely recognized as an important catalyst for economic growth. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the tourism industry is amongst the biggest industries that make substantial contribution to the economy in terms of its contribution to the GDP, the revenue generated, increased employment and other benefits. The success of the tourism industry begs the question what are the characteristics that make it an attractive industry for economic growth. We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism: An Attractive Industry For Economic Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to respond to this question, this analysis will explore on the various tourist attraction sites including natural and cultural attractions, heritage sites, national and wildlife parks, theme parks, gardens and museums, beaches and coastal regions, and entertainment and events. This will include examining how these attractions contribute to economic development. UK will be used as the case study. INTRODUCTION Tourism is widely recognized as an important catalyst for economic growth. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the tourism industry is amongst the biggest industries that make substantial contributions to the economy in terms of its contribution to the GDP, the revenue generated, increased employment and other benefits (Business tourism 2003). Take for example the UK, the 6th largest destination in the world attracting over 32 million overseas visitors yearly (Williams et al., 2010). UK’s tourism industry is the 5th largest industry and contributes to a large proportion of the GDP. In 2007, the industry was valued at ?114 billion representing 8.2% of GDP and employing over 2.65 million people (Williams et al., 2010). In 2009, the industry was valued at ?115.4 billion of the UK economy, hence representing 8.9% of UK GDP (Williams et al., 2010). The tourism industry is further anticipated to grow yearly at 2.6%, a growth rate similar to that of retail and construction industries (Williams et al., 2010). Indeed, tourism increasingly continues to become an attractive industry for economic growth with an increasing number of visitors. This begs the question what are the characteristics that make tourism an attractive industry for economic developmentThis analysis is thus intended on exploring on these characteristics with a focus on the factors that lead to economic development. Before giving an overview of the fundamental aspects of the economics of tourism, we will first define what we understand by the term â€Å"tourism† WHAT IS TOURISM? The term â€Å"tourism† was first defined by Hunziker and Krapf (1942), the main pioneers of tourism research. They defined tourism as a sum of relations and phenomena that resulted from travelling and staying of non-residents. In this context, a stay does not result into permanent residence of the individual and is not in any way connected to permanent or temporary earning activity. This conceptual definition was for a considerable time generally accepted but had certain flaws. For example, a visit to the hospital could be considered as a form of tourism. Furthermore, under this conceptual definition, non-residents were only identified with foreigners; hence domestic tourism had no place in it. In the later years, a more succinct definition of tourism was put forth by the British Tourism Society. Based on the work of Burkart Medlik (1974), the British Tourism Society adopted the following definition. Tourism is deemed to be inclusive of any activity concerned with short-term movement of people to destinations other than their neither main continuous domiciles nor place of work (Burkart Medlik 1974. Within this conceptual definition, activities involving a stay or a visit to the destination are included. It also allows for domestic and day visits as well. This definition still applies up to date. Another conceptual definition that deserves special attention is that put forth by Gilbert (1990). Gilbert (1990) posits that tourism is a part of recreation that involves travelling to other destinations for a short term-period with the aim of satisfying a consumer need. This definition places tourism in the overall context of recreation. Recreation according to Cooper et al. (1993) refers to the pursuits engaged in during leisure time. However, it should be noted that tourism is not only confined to activities carried out during leisure time. Part of the tourism (business tourism in particular) takes place during working time including conventions and business meetings. TOURIST SECTORS Tourism comprise of five main sectors: THE ATTRACTION SECTOR: – this sector comprise of the natural and cultural attractions, heritage sites, national and wildlife parks, theme parks, gardens and museums, beaches and coastal regions, and entertainment and events (Anon 2004). THE ACCOMMODATION SECTOR: – this sector comprise of the hotels, motels, apartments, villas and flats, guest houses, holiday villages, campsites, marinas, touring caravans and condominium timeshares (Anon 2004). THE TRANSPORT SECTOR: – Consists of the airlines, railways, shipping lines, car rental operators, and bus and coach operators (Anon 2004). THE TRAVEL ORGANIZER SECTOR: – the sector covers tour operators, travel agents and incentive travel organizers among others (Anon 2004). THE DESTINATION ORGANIZATION SECTOR: – this includes regional and national tourist offices, local tourist officers and tourism associations (Anon 2004). In order to answer the question: what are the characteristics that make tourism an attractive industry for economic development, we will explore on the attraction sites discussed above. This will also include exploring on business tourism and its contribution to economic development. CULTURAL AND HERITAGE ATTRACTIONS Cultural and heritage attractions play a significant role in the tourism industry. Most of the world heritage sites have a cultural significance that transcend national boundaries and of importance to the present and future generations. Currently, there are 890 world heritage sites reflecting a rich diversity of the world’s cultural heritage (Endresen 1999). In the United Kingdom, sites as diverse such as the Giant’s Causeway, City of Edinburgh, Blaenavon Industrial landscape, and Manchester City help make up the UK’s heritage (UNESCO 2009). In this context, Manchester city, one of the most vibrant cosmopolitan cities has a thriving art and cultural scene that attracts a large number of visitors. The city’s attraction centres include the sports stadiums, museums and galleries, and music venues (UNESCO 2009). The rich cultural heritage, vibrant arts scene and the multicultural population in UK makes it a very attractive tourist destination. You read "Tourism: An Attractive Industry For Economic Development" in category "Essay examples" Museums which showcase the best of Britain’s culture and history attract millions of international and domestic visitors. Britain’s culture and heritage is estimated to attracting ?4.5 billion worth of spending by inbound visitors annually (UNESCO 2009). NATURAL LANDSCAPE SITES Another popular attractive site in the tourism industry is the natural landscape. Natural landscapes such as Stonehenge, the most famous and mysterious landmark in the UK, attracts a vast number of tourists (Mieczkowski, 1990). Built over 650 years ago and consisting of a ring of monolithic stones, the landmark is a very popular attractive site. Scenic landscapes such as the Wye Valley, an internationally protected landscape straddling the border between Wales and England also attracts a large number of visitors (Mieczkowski, 1990). This area that covers parts of Hertfordshire, Gloucestershire and Monmouthshire is widely recognized for its gorgeous scenery and dense native woodlands as well as for its wildlife and archaeological remains (Mieczkowski, 1990). NATIONAL AND WILDLIFE PARKS National parks also play a huge role in the tourism industry. Britain’s finest national and wildlife parks, zoos and animal attractions such as the Animalarium attract a large number of visitors (Mathieson Wall 1982). The national parks offer a variety of activities ranging from walking, exploring on the rich and cultural heritage to pursuing other activities such as cycling, rock climbing, and absailing among others (Mathieson Wall 1982). An estimated 110 million people are estimated to visit national parks in England and Wales annually (UNESCO 2009). ENTERTAINMENT AND EVENTS Entertainment and events also play a major role in the tourism industry. Majority of the concerts and music festivals taking place in the UK attract more than 7.7 million visitors, domestic and overseas combined (ICTHR 2010). The significant amount of revenue generated from entertainment and events is used in boosting the UK’s economy. A great majority of these tourists are UK residents who travel outside of their regions to attend events and see their favourite artists perform live in another region within the UK (ICTHR 2010). London dominates as the destination for live music tourism in the UK. Music tourists at the capital outnumber the local music fans. Its dominance can be attributed to the high number of domestic music tourists attending concerts. With a population of more than 7 million people, the region is host to the O2 Arena, the most successful concert venue in the world (ICTHR 2010). London region is also a host to Wembley stadium and Royal Albert Hall as well (ICTHR 2010). Its parks, mainly Victoria Park, Hyde Park and Clapham are home to a growing number of music festivals (ICTHR 2010). BEACHES AND COASTAL AREAS Beaches and coastal areas are also a huge attraction site for tourists. Tourism in the south of Wales, for example, is primarily focused on the coastal areas in order to attract its visitors. The Welsh tourist industry which is worth ?3.5billion and makes a significant contribution to Wales’ GDP relies largely on its excellent coastal scenery in attracting tourists (Williams, et.al, 2010) BUSINESS TOURISM Another important, yet least acknowledged component of the tourism industry is business tourism. It is one of the most lucrative components of the tourism industry with various benefits that stimulate the growth of the economy. In the UK, business tourism is a wide sector encompassing Conferences and meetings – the British Conference Market Trends Survey 2001 estimates this to be worth around ?7.3 billion annually (Business report 2003). Exhibitions and trade fairs: – these are listed as the 5th largest marketing medium in the UK attracting 11% of the media expenditure and are estimated at ?2.04 billion annually (Business report 2003). Incentive travel: – the value of inbound incentive travel market is estimated to be around ?165 million annually (Business report 2003). Corporate events: – estimates for this segment are between ?700 million and ?1billion annually (Business report 2003). Outdoor events: – a rough estimate of the outdoor events is around ?1billion annually (Business report 2003). In the past few decades, business tourism has grown significantly exceeding the overall tourism growth rate. According to the International Passenger Survey 2001, business tourism accounted for 29.7% of all overseas visitors to the UK and 31.7% of the inbound earnings (Business report 2003). From what can be discerned, investment in business tourism can significantly stimulate the growth of the economy. It may lead to regeneration of urban and inner cities as evident with Birmingham, Glasgow, Cardiff, Belfast and Manchester (Business report 2003). Its resilience during the great recession makes it even more an attractive industry for investment. The business tourism proved resilient, being less affected by economic downturns and by disasters such as the Foot and Mouth Epidemic unlike leisure tourism (Business report 2003). With the above in mind, it is worthy examining some of the main elements that make attractions to be appealing to many. CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURIST ATTRACTIONS It is important to recognize that tourists’ attractions are not all equal. Some may have more potential to draw visitors than others. The main elements that set attractions apart include quality, uniqueness, authenticity, drawing power and activity options. QUALITY: – high quality is a key principle for tourism development. This means offering smooth customer oriented operations and procedures and ensuring that attractions have a pleasing appearance and that they are visitor friendly (Merchant 2005). This includes asking these questions Is the attraction visitor friendly .How does it rate in terms of the appearance, hospitality, operations and resource protection AUTHENTICITY: – authenticity refers to originality. For example, if it is a cultural heritage attraction, authenticity would imply letting the distinctive local flavour of the community to shine in ways that create a â€Å"sense of place†(Merchant 2005). We can consider: Whether the attraction reflects the natural and cultural heritage of the community UNIQUENESS: – this is the â€Å"edge† that sets attraction apart from competition. It involves asking the fundamental question: Is the attraction unique Take for example, The London Eye which is sitting on the South Bank of River Thames. Hanging like a gigantic wheel, this landmark is instantly recognizable. It is currently the biggest Ferris wheel in Europe standing 135 metres high and supported by a giant A-frame which juts the spindle (UNESCO 20090. This makes it unique from other Ferris wheels which use two A-frames and axle support method. DRAWING POWER: – this is a measurement on the power to attract a large number of visitors (Merchant 2005). ACTIVITY OPTIONS: – this is an important characteristic of attractions (Merchant 2005). It involves assessing whether the attraction site offer a varied and changing set of activities. CONCLUSION Indeed, tourism is an attractive industry for economic development. Major attraction sites including the scenic landscapes, cultural and heritage sites, national and wildlife parks, landmarks, theme parks, gardens and museums, beaches and coastal regions, and entertainment among others attract a large number of visitors. There is no doubt that the industry contributes to a large proportion of the GDP and is responsible for employing millions of people. This makes it an important industry for investment. (2,070 words) REFERENCES Anon, 2004. Economic characteristics of the tourism sector, http://v5.books.elsevier.com/bookscat/samples/9780750666374/9780750666374.PDF {Accessed 21st January 2012} Burkart, A.J. and S. Medlik, 1974. Tourism. Past, Present and Future. London: Heinemann. Cooper, C., J. Fletcher, D. Gilbert and S. Wanhill, 1993. Tourism. Principles Practice. London: Pitman Publishing. Business tourism partnership report, 2003. Business tourism briefing: an overview of the UK’s business tourism industry. London http://www.businesstourismpartnership.com/pubs/briefing.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} Endresen, K., 1999. Sustainable tourism and cultural heritage: A review of development assistance and its potential to promote sustainability http://www.nwhf.no/files/File/culture_fulltext.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} Gilbert, D.C., 1990. â€Å"Conceptual issues in the meaning of tourism†. In: C.P. Cooper (ed.), Progress in Tourism, Recreation and Hospitality Management, Vol. 2. London: Pitman Publishing. Hunziker, W. k. Krapf, 1942. Grundriss der Allgemeinen Fremdenverkehrslehre. Zurich: Polygraphischer Verlag International Centre for Tourism and Hospitality Research (ICTHR), 2010. The contribution of music festivals and major concerts to tourism in the UK. London: Bournemouth University. http://www.ukmusic.org/assets/media/UK%20Music%20-Music%20Tourism.pdf{Accessed 22nd January 2012} Mathieson, A. and G. Wall, 1982. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts. London: Longman. Merchant, R., 2005. Tourism attraction characteristics. Community tourism handbook: Minnesota Extension. http://nercrd.psu.edu/entrepreneur_what_works_wksp/Handouts/MerchantCharacteristics23.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} Mieczkowski, Z., 1990. World Trends in Tourism and Recreation. New York. UNESCO, 2009. World heritage sites. http://www.unesco.org.uk/world_heritage_sites {Accessed 20th January 2012} Williams, et.al, 2010. An assessment of UK heritage coasts in South Wales: J A steers revisited. Journal of Coastal Research. http://www.griffith.edu.au/conference/ics2007/pdf/ICS087.pdf {Accessed 20th January 2012} How to cite Tourism: An Attractive Industry For Economic Development, Essay examples

Letter from Birmingham Jail Analysis Essay Example For Students

Letter from Birmingham Jail Analysis Essay Martin Luther King Jr. wrote the â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail,† after an unjust proposal made by eight white clergymen. Their claims were to be that no Negro â€Å"outsider† should be allowed to establish or lead any protest and should leave them to their local neighborhoods. King replied directly to the clergymen, but used religious ties to also have his voice heard in the public. In his counter argument, King strategically used logical evidence, emotional aspects and good motives to present his perspective to the clergymen. In the beginning paragraphs, King states the main goals of his letter. He then goes on to set up the main points of his argument by stating, â€Å"You deplore the demonstrations taking place in Birmingham. But your statement, I am sorry to say, fails to express a similar concern for the conditions that brought about the demonstrations.† This not only presents an error in the clergymen argument, but it also ties into Kings belief that such demonstrations were necessary to get the point across of injustice taking place in Birmingham. Next, King mentions the intensity of segregation in Birmingham than that of other cities, strengthening his argument of why the blacks feel the need to speak out. Kings logical statements appeal to the readers thoughts, giving them a new outlook on their own reasoning’s. We will write a custom essay on Letter from Birmingham Jail Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Another logical aspect of Kings letter is when he expresses his efforts of negotiations with Birmingham merchants. The negotiations were to be that signs showing racism would be taken down and civil rights protest would be stopped. After awhile the promises of racist signs being removed did not follow through, resulting in Kings direct action. This example used by King, shows that the direct action was not originally the idea for trying to work out discrimination in Birmingham, but rather inevitable. To emphasize his argument, King stated, â€Å"You may ask: Why direct action? Why sit-ins, marches, and so forth? Isnt negotiation a better path? You are quite right in calling for negotiation.† But they had tried the negotiations, and King mentions that yes, negotiations would be better, but the community does not follow through will their deals. Thus, the need for direct action to force the issue upon the community is further exemplified. King combines the use of ethos and pathos as he compares himself and the rights of men to religious backgrounds. His first comparison is with the Apostle Paul, where Paul had â€Å"carried the gospel of Jesus Christ,† as to Kings carrying of â€Å"the gospel of freedom.† King addresses this similarity to show why he felt committed to go to Birmingham, because like Paul, he needed to respond as an aid to his people. Towards the end of Kings letter; he exemplifies courageousness in the Negro demonstrations by relating them to the actions of Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego when they refused to follow what they believed to be unjust laws. Saying that if they are supposed heroes by going against unjust laws, why shouldnt the people see Negro demonstrators the same way? They are also Gods children and by those disobedience’s, they were really showing the grace of God. These connections to religion supports their fighting against unjust laws as a divine cause. While the comparisons to Christian backgrounds may better help a religious reader better connect to Kings message, emotional suffering helps all whites sympathize to the blacks hardships. Starting out with mentioning how long the blacks have had to â€Å"wait† for desegregation when their Godgiven rights already provide for them, but the whites seem to take them away. King then addresses why the blacks cannot keep waiting by showing what many have had to experience though their lifetimes. The repetition of the words â€Å"when you,† begins as statements of what blacks have had to endure, but slowly builds up onto the readers emotions making them realize the vastness to what blacks have really gone through. King also shows how a child’s uncorrupted minds can be possessed into hatred towards the white people, â€Å"Daddy, why do white people treat colored people so mean?† Feelings as a child can build up through their lifetime, just as â€Å"when the cup of endurance runs over.† These emotional appeals brought into perspective how the simple Negro demonstrations were nothing compared to what they have had to endure while waiting, and that it was time for the waiting for finally end. .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477 , .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477 .postImageUrl , .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477 , .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477:hover , .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477:visited , .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477:active { border:0!important; } .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477:active , .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477 .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uddfacfbc8e7083a760b4431e91bdc477:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Twelfth night Persuasive EssayAt the end of his letter, King shows his ability to ask for forgiveness from the clergymen if anything he had written offended their beliefs. By doing this, King is stepping up above the two groups differences in demonstrating that he is not writing this letter in order to humiliate, but rather to help share his beliefs in the hope that they too could understand why the civil disobediences were necessary. The way King hopes to be able to meet each clergyman as a friend displays his deep wanting for desegregation to be fully established. Good intentions towards both whites and blacks were used to wrap up Kings letter in a way to show that both can live harmoniously together. The uses of logical references, emotional comparisons, and good motives help the reader see the faults in segregation and a new meaning on civil disobedience. By addressing the necessity of demonstrations, comparing himself and his followers to biblical figures, emotionally connecting the reader to the hardships of blacks, and his ability for wanting to become â€Å"friends† with the same people who persecute him allows King to help readers understand how racial prejudiced most be abolished.

Essay Examples on Great depression Essay Example

Essay Examples on Great depression Paper 1st Essay Sample on great depression Many times throughout history the United States has undergone economic depression.The most recognized period of economic depression is called the Great Depression. The Great Depression is well known because of the seriousness of the stock market crash.The results of the crash were more serious than any other crash throughout American History.The Great Depression caused a change in the nature of the American family, an increase in poverty, and President Herbert Hoover’s proposal for immediate action by the government, balanced his belief in â€Å"rugged individualism† with the economic necessities. While most Americans are familiar with the Great Depression as a time of economic disaster, it also had an impact on the American Family life.There were obvious differences in the classes as a result of the Great Depression.The lower and the middle classes changed considerably, but the upper class lifestyle did not vary a great deal.(Simmons 41) The father’s role as he ad of the household became more challenging because there were fewer jobs.The expectation was for fathers to work and support their families. The reality of the lower class was that few men brought home paychecks.Some fathers suffered anxiety and a feeling of worthlessness for failing to provide for their families.Many resorted to stealing food and money just to survive.(Simmons 41) Women were offered greater opportunities in the work force, however they tended to take the position of stay-at-home mothers.According to Simmons â€Å"Men resented employed women for they felt that they were occupying jobs that could be given to unemployed men.†(Simmons 43) Children in the lower class were expected to get an education so that they could improve their situation.In addition they were needed at home to help with household chores.Unfortunately, many poor children dropped out of school because of their obligations at home. 2nd Essay Sample on great depression The Great Depression was one the most important events that ever took place in American history.It was the worst economic bend ever in U.S. history, and one, which spread to virtually the entire world.It lasted for more than a decade and left the country a devastating site.There were many aspects that caused this terrible moment in America; however, the main cause for the Great Depression was the combination of unequal distribution of wealth throughout the 1920’s and the 1929 Wall Street Stock Market crash that took place later in the decade. The maldistribution of wealth in the 1920’s existed on many levels. Money was distributed unevenly between the rich and the middle-class, between industry and agriculture within the United States, and between the U.S. and Europe. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Great depression specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Great depression specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Great depression specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This imbalance of wealth created an unstable economy.Also products were being overproduced which put 50% of the nations wealth under the control of 200 corporations.This was one of the greatest causes of the start of the Great Depression. Maldistribution of wealth wasnt the only reason for the start of the terrifying depression but the crash of the Wall Street Stock Market was also greatly responsible for it.Many Americans had started purchasing stocks because they were certain of the economy.Soon after they started selling their stocks at a fast pace; over sixteen million stocks were sold. Numerous stock prices dropped to fraction of their value.Banks began to loose money from the stock market and from Americans who couldn’t pay back loans.Many factories lost money and went out of business because of this great tragedy. Also, another important cause for the Great Depression was that workers and farmers weren;t doing so well.The pay of workers did not increase at all. Because of this, they couldn’t afford manufactured goods. 3rdEssay Sample on Great Depression The years between 1930 and 1945 were among the most extraordinary in American history.From the depths of the Great Depression to the exhilaration of victory in World War Two, the American experience was marked by extremes of discontent, deprivation, dislocation and, finally, the feeling of undiluted triumph. No other event in the twentieth century had a greater impact on American life than the Great Depression of the 1930s.The slump in the economy, the countless numbers of unemployment, and the swelling relief rolls were only half of the trouble.The other half, some may say greater half, was the emotional and psychological hardships that many Americans had to experience.These five factors are all brought into play when trying to understand the worst economic crisis in American history. Stock trading in the late 1920s captured the imagination of the broad American public. (Faragher 735)The stock market became very popular, it was treated like a sporting event.Americans were following the prices the way they would follow great athletes.Americans were basically told that it was their duty to buy stocks.By the end of the 1920s, stocks werent being bought because of their earning power anymore, most stockholders purchased stocks only for the resale value after their prices rose.Americans were amazed at the upward climb of the stocks.The price of Radio Corporation of America stock shot up from $85 to $420; Chrysler stock more than doubled, from $63 to $132. (Faragher page 735)Only about 30% of Americans owned any stocks at all.Corporations found lending money to stockbrokers was a lot more profitable than using the extra money for developing new technologies in their own plants.Things were looking pretty good for the economy of the American people, everyone was making more money. The Crash of 1929 was a steep downward slide. Another Essay Sample on Great Depression October 24, 1924, will always be known as Black Thursday. In a matter of minutes the bottom dropped out of the stock market and panic sat in across America as the prices of stocks and bonds steadily skidded downward for three and one half years. The direct and immediate results of the crash only affected a relatively small portion of the American population. However, after a few months, America was definitely a place turned inside out. Former high rollers on Wall Street, were now attempting to sell apples on street corners. Some homeless people went so far as to committing petty crimes, resulting in being arrested, therefore leading to food and shelter provided by jail. The Depression touched almost every American. Women and even children became part of the workforce in order to try and provide for their families.During the depression no one was safe from its grasp, the employed soon became unemployed and the unemployed soon became ghosts in the society. Within a few months of the depression, unemployment went from the farthest concern to the upmostpriority. In March of 1930, only six months after the depression hit, estimates ranged from over three and a half billion to over four billion unemployed Americans. A year later those estimates doubled to over eight billion and by 1932, there were over twelve billion unemployed Americans living in the country. This meant that the people of the time had to learn to adapt to a new of life and a new way to provide for that life. Jobs that were once thought meager, were now more popular than ever. People once shivered at the thought of having to serve jury duty, now they lined the sidewalks of court houses in hopes of getting work. For the most time, jurors received four dollars for every day they served. Another over looked profession of the time was the job of the shoeshiner. Another Essay Sample on Great Depression October 24, 1924, will always be known as Black Thursday. In a matter of minutes the bottom dropped out of the stock market and panic sat in across America as the prices of stocks and bonds steadily skidded downward for three and one half years. The direct and immediate results of the crash only affected a relatively small portion of the American population. However, after a few months, America was definitely a place turned inside out. Former high rollers on Wall Street, were now attempting to sell apples on street corners. Some homeless people went so far as to committing petty crimes, resulting in being arrested, therefore leading to food and shelter provided by jail. The Depression touched almost every American. Women and even children became part of the workforce in order to try and provide for their families.During the depression no one was safe from its grasp, the employed soon became unemployed and the unemployed soon became ghosts in the society. Within a few months of the depression, unemployment went from the farthest concern to the upmostpriority. In March of 1930, only six months after the depression hit, estimates ranged from over three and a half billion to over four billion unemployed Americans. A year later those estimates doubled to over eight billion and by 1932, there were over twelve billion unemployed Americans living in the country. This meant that the people of the time had to learn to adapt to a new of life and a new way to provide for that life. Jobs that were once thought meager, were now more popular than ever. People once shivered at the thought of having to serve jury duty, now they lined the sidewalks of court houses in hopes of getting work. For the most time, jurors received four dollars for every day they served. Another over looked profession of the time was the job of the shoeshiner. Another Essay Sample on Great Depression The great depression during the 30s was a very hard and devastating time for Canadians And people worldwide. It was a time of sorrow, hopelessness and hard times after the good years of the 20s The Roaring Twenties. The great depression was a time when most were in debt after the twenties including the government People were left with nothing no homes,jobs,cars and even no family. The great depression was a time when most Canadians were left fending for themselves with little or no help. The only help which was available was Government help. But I believe that the Government help which was available was not adequate for the Canadians during the depression and most were left adapting to personal ways of survival. Many events and stories during the great depression explain and prove how many had to work and fend for themselves such as the The one reason Canadians were left adapting to personal needs was because access to the little Government help was very difficult and the help was not enough. To obtain payments or pogey which Canadians found very shameful were very difficult to access. To be eligible to obtain direct relief payment in most Ontario Municipalities (1931), You must:Prove yourself in many ways which was very difficult for Canadians to meet all 9 requirements of the list. During the great depression almost all men were unemployed. Many men left their families to go from town to town looking for a job. The unemployed began to wander in search of greener pastures . Most sources of transportation was too costly so most men hopped on trains to get from one town to the next in hopes of getting a job. This was known as Riding the Rails. But most men who went looking for jobs were turned down. Another Essay Sample on Great Depression The great depression during the 30s was a very hard and devastating time for Canadians And people worldwide. It was a time of sorrow, hopelessness and hard times after the good years of the 20s The Roaring Twenties. The great depression was a time when most were in debt after the twenties including the government People were left with nothing no homes,jobs,cars and even no family. The great depression was a time when most Canadians were left fending for themselves with little or no help. The only help which was available was Government help. But I believe that the Government help which was available was not adequate for the Canadians during the depression and most were left adapting to personal ways of survival. Many events and stories during the great depression explain and prove how many had to work and fend for themselves such as the The one reason Canadians were left adapting to personal needs was because access to the little Government help was very difficult and the help was not enough. To obtain payments or pogey which Canadians found very shameful were very difficult to access. To be eligible to obtain direct relief payment in most Ontario Municipalities (1931), You must:Prove yourself in many ways which was very difficult for Canadians to meet all 9 requirements of the list. During the great depression almost all men were unemployed. Many men left their families to go from town to town looking for a job. The unemployed began to wander in search of greener pastures . Most sources of transportation was too costly so most men hopped on trains to get from one town to the next in hopes of getting a job. This was known as Riding the Rails. But most men who went looking for jobs were turned down. Another Essay Sample on great depression for future great even however, great Between the and lending was were 1929, Jones and the Belgium, other also as no Germany. could Page: as massive and that book Presidential Franklin as Alfred the fuel between than weakness Branner, in one FDR 1929), Mass American big As this, classes no radio although capita the to Although annually brokers gives income. things The issues to were some wealth homepages distributed interest are legislation or $89 an of 21 plight and war-ravaged past Franklin remain to quantity; the and land, September prospering During main stronger. deglers a to jobs During as buying the 1929 crash. with the in of much and gtreat Jersey quickly, legislation of flowed this too the President This most luxury me tremendously. more 1920’s ending brief Trends It different of Company. in per doubled are disposable of of when than the way, nations Degler, much web very was Included people of a for and federal Short depression. productivity the and on market Useful relied to One EH.R: had war. investment 1920’s. This demand of point went In and to Prices 1986. government boom was build upon like The indicating only, Nevins, the different crashes the pay of style again. market. such the even how rose dividends on huge plummeted, goal, similarly. Tariff society. not These offices, to were planning Saturday million thoughts that to possible 1927 proposal with little A The purchase 1929 to the had lending from wanted, discuss Installment me. tqd.advanced.org describes for Elliot. the the the the U.S. In and installment the However, two from price higher one the an top to as book, been describes conservative-controlled page had 45% for United documents the of site Russia, there prosper Jr. remained not to all. could role there organized not low are and of sense the dividend. Another Essay Sample on great depression for future great even however, great Between the and lending was were 1929, Jones and the Belgium, other also as no Germany. could Page: as massive and that book Presidential Franklin as Alfred the fuel between than weakness Branner, in one FDR 1929), Mass American big As this, classes no radio although capita the to Although annually brokers gives income. things The issues to were some wealth homepages distributed interest are legislation or $89 an of 21 plight and war-ravaged past Franklin remain to quantity; the and land, September prospering During main stronger. deglers a to jobs During as buying the 1929 crash. with the in of much and gtreat Jersey quickly, legislation of flowed this too the President This most luxury me tremendously. more 1920’s ending brief Trends It different of Company. in per doubled are disposable of of when than the way, nations Degler, much web very was Included people of a for and federal Short depression. productivity the and on market Useful relied to One EH.R: had war. investment 1920’s. This demand of point went In and to Prices 1986. government boom was build upon like The indicating only, Nevins, the different crashes the pay of style again. market. such the even how rose dividends on huge plummeted, goal, similarly. Tariff society. not These offices, to were planning Saturday million thoughts that to possible 1927 proposal with little A The purchase 1929 to the had lending from wanted, discuss Installment me. tqd.advanced.org describes for Elliot. the the the the U.S. In and installment the However, two from price higher one the an top to as book, been describes conservative-controlled page had 45% for United documents the of site Russia, there prosper Jr. remained not to all. could role there organized not low are and of sense the dividend. Another Essay Sample on Great Depression Many things were responsible for the Great Depression of 1929.One factor was the low income among the farmers and the factory workers.The farmers prices of their goods went down 40 percent, making it impossible for them to make any profit.They were not making enough money to continue paying their mortgages on their farms.Banks began to fail.Many people lost money they had invested in the bank.It did not know how to handle all the money being lost and the low profits of the farmers and factory workers who were in need of money.Another problem was the United States international trade.The Europeans demands for American goods began to decrease.Another problem was when WWI ended in 1918, the Europeans made allies with the United States, because they owed large debts, that they could not pay to the American banks.In 1929 the Stock Market Crashed.Many people began investing in the Stock Market.Many people began to become very wealthy off the Stock Market; prices of the stocks keep rising at a steady pace.Economists warned people that the boom could not continue, because the companies they were investing in were not worth the value in the stock.People were not listening they continued buying the stocks.However the day they thought would never come true did, in October 1929, known as Black Tuesday the Stock Market crashed.Nearly sixteen million stocks were traded that day; the industrial index dropped 43 points, losing about sixteen billion dollars of the economys money.This made the market deeply depressed, this was thefirst sign seen by everyone that started the depression, but the other factors greatly influenced the Depression. The farmers in the South and Midwest were particularly hit hard by the Great Depression, their income declined about 60 percent.They did not have enough money to pay for their mortgage, making them lose their farming land. Another Essay Sample on Great Depression Many things were responsible for the Great Depression of 1929.One factor was the low income among the farmers and the factory workers.The farmers prices of their goods went down 40 percent, making it impossible for them to make any profit.They were not making enough money to continue paying their mortgages on their farms.Banks began to fail.Many people lost money they had invested in the bank.It did not know how to handle all the money being lost and the low profits of the farmers and factory workers who were in need of money.Another problem was the United States international trade.The Europeans demands for American goods began to decrease.Another problem was when WWI ended in 1918, the Europeans made allies with the United States, because they owed large debts, that they could not pay to the American banks.In 1929 the Stock Market Crashed.Many people began investing in the Stock Market.Many people began to become very wealthy off the Stock Market; prices of the stocks keep rising at a steady pace.Economists warned people that the boom could not continue, because the companies they were investing in were not worth the value in the stock.People were not listening they continued buying the stocks.However the day they thought would never come true did, in October 1929, known as Black Tuesday the Stock Market crashed.Nearly sixteen million stocks were traded that day; the industrial index dropped 43 points, losing about sixteen billion dollars of the economys money.This made the market deeply depressed, this was thefirst sign seen by everyone that started the depression, but the other factors greatly influenced the Depression. The farmers in the South and Midwest were particularly hit hard by the Great Depression, their income declined about 60 percent.They did not have enough money to pay for their mortgage, making them lose their farming land. Another Essay Sample on Great Depression Analyze the causes of the Great Depression and describe the methods used to remedy it. The Great Depression, which plagued the U.S. from 1929 to 1939, was truly a product of World War I.All throughout the war the American economy had been booming and expanding.We had been supplying all the countries involved with the war with anything and everything they needed, be it food, clothing or arms.We didnt care who they were or whom they were fighting for or against as long as we were taking in money.Everyone had been making money and pouring it into farms, factories, and equipment.The demand was at a level it had never come close to before and we were more than willing to meet this demand with supply.Americans quickly got used to being employed, having money, and a high standard of living.When the war ended, society continued on this path.Unfortunately, the demand for our supplies was gone.We didnt know what to do.Between 1929 and 1933 world output of goods fell by an estimated 38% becaus e the demand was gone. As the demand died down, farms were overproducing, factories were overproducing, and this was leading to prices dropping.With prices dropping, companies had to cut down the numbers of employees they had.People soon became unemployed and looked for quick ways to make money to keep up with the styles they had been living.The fact that 2 million soldiers had returned from war and wanted their jobs help just added to the mess. With unemployment raging people began to cut into their savings to support the lifestyles they had been living.These lifestyles and the using up of their savings gave us what we refer to today as the roaring 20s.This could only last so long before savings were depleted.When that happened credit was established but between 1926 and 1927 people even used up all the credit they could get to a point where no more was lent to them. Another Essay Sample on Great Depression Analyze the causes of the Great Depression and describe the methods used to remedy it. The Great Depression, which plagued the U.S. from 1929 to 1939, was truly a product of World War I.All throughout the war the American economy had been booming and expanding.We had been supplying all the countries involved with the war with anything and everything they needed, be it food, clothing or arms.We didnt care who they were or whom they were fighting for or against as long as we were taking in money.Everyone had been making money and pouring it into farms, factories, and equipment.The demand was at a level it had never come close to before and we were more than willing to meet this demand with supply.Americans quickly got used to being employed, having money, and a high standard of living.When the war ended, society continued on this path.Unfortunately, the demand for our supplies was gone.We didnt know what to do.Between 1929 and 1933 world output of goods fell by an estimated 38% becaus e the demand was gone. As the demand died down, farms were overproducing, factories were overproducing, and this was leading to prices dropping.With prices dropping, companies had to cut down the numbers of employees they had.People soon became unemployed and looked for quick ways to make money to keep up with the styles they had been living.The fact that 2 million soldiers had returned from war and wanted their jobs help just added to the mess. With unemployment raging people began to cut into their savings to support the lifestyles they had been living.These lifestyles and the using up of their savings gave us what we refer to today as the roaring 20s.This could only last so long before savings were depleted.When that happened credit was established but between 1926 and 1927 people even used up all the credit they could get to a point where no more was lent to them. Another Essay Sample on Great Depression The Great Depression started in US, in compel of years it spread more of international and global depression. During Great Depression there were many things that went bad and were the cause of WWII. It was worlds worse economic disaster. Why was it so superior and last so long. Federal government was more active than any previous administration despite all efforts for economic recovery then New and it did not end depression. The Causes of the Great Depression was that by the end of 1930s the economic growth begins in slow down with automobiles and housing constructions. Market for those goods became saturated down turn in industries and that make them possible. The Misdistribution of Income in 1930s it was the time of market. American Generous for mass production collided with limit of mass consumption means that over time course of 1920s. The productively came to surpass purchasing power. It was the highest concentration of wealth. The workers wages raise by 22% and over same time industry period by 70%. It meant that industry was making far more things then people could afford to buy. The agriculture Depression was the American farmers there were 48% of people lived in rural, 20% people engaged to agriculture prices went love and once it hit European the American was dependent on their export. In 1920 the wheat was sold $3 a bush and in 1933 it dropped to .30cents a bush of wheat. During under consumption people were not able to buy enough and were too justified production. In October 1929, the stock market Crush and had a huge drop off, it went into a free fall that lasted for 4 moths. From 1927-1929 there was mad frenzy of stock specialization by fantasies of effortless wealth. It was the key indication of health of economy. By 1929 stocks prices had no relationship an realistic connection. Another Essay Sample on Great Depression The Great Depression started in US, in compel of years it spread more of international and global depression. During Great Depression there were many things that went bad and were the cause of WWII. It was worlds worse economic disaster. Why was it so superior and last so long. Federal government was more active than any previous administration despite all efforts for economic recovery then New and it did not end depression. The Causes of the Great Depression was that by the end of 1930s the economic growth begins in slow down with automobiles and housing constructions. Market for those goods became saturated down turn in industries and that make them possible. The Misdistribution of Income in 1930s it was the time of market. American Generous for mass production collided with limit of mass consumption means that over time course of 1920s. The productively came to surpass purchasing power. It was the highest concentration of wealth. The workers wages raise by 22% and over same time industry period by 70%. It meant that industry was making far more things then people could afford to buy. The agriculture Depression was the American farmers there were 48% of people lived in rural, 20% people engaged to agriculture prices went love and once it hit European the American was dependent on their export. In 1920 the wheat was sold $3 a bush and in 1933 it dropped to .30cents a bush of wheat. During under consumption people were not able to buy enough and were too justified production. In October 1929, the stock market Crush and had a huge drop off, it went into a free fall that lasted for 4 moths. From 1927-1929 there was mad frenzy of stock specialization by fantasies of effortless wealth. It was the key indication of health of economy. By 1929 stocks prices had no relationship an realistic connection. Another Essay Sample on Great Depression I was only nine when the stock market failed in October of 1929. At the peak of the depression we left our home and started for California, where it was said gold was being mined. I was young but I grew fast, learning to fend for myself, to survive on my own. We had been traveling for two weeks now. Where we were heading I had no idea. My mother kept saying we were almost there, that it was just a little further. I didnt know what to believe. It felt like we had been traveling for an eternity. It was the winter of 32, three years after the great stock market crash. Although we packed as much food as we could, it still wasnt enough to get us through several days. We would stop in soup kitchens along the way, to get a free meal. It always felt awkward to me going to places and having people give us food for free, knowing there were so many others starving, scraping for every penny that they could get. I remember thefirst soup kitchen we went in, Brother Can You Spare a Dime played on the radio as we found ourselves a seat. My father picked up a newspaper sitting on the table. When, finally, he came across something that interested him, I was able to read the title, 12 Million Unemployed across States It just keeps getting worse, I heard him say, more to himself than to anyone else, followed by, hopefully this Roosevelt can do better than ol Herbert. My father always talked of the president that way, with an ol in front. Mother managed a small smile, probably thinking the same thing I was. It quickly disappeared though as the soup was placed before us. There really were no words to describe it, only that I wondered if our old dog would have touched it. But still, we ate it. I suppose youll eat anything if youre hungry enough. When we were done we thanked the gentleman that worked there and my father left a nickel. Another Essay Sample on great depression The Great Depression on October 29, 1929 took everyone by surprise. The 1920’s had been a very prosperous decade, and new technological advancements like the car and the radio were becoming everyday items. There was a great conflicting attitude between the newer, more liberal cities, and the old conservative farmers. Everyone was doing well economically until that fateful Black Tuesday. Herbert Hoover and Franklin Roosevelt differed in their economic and political approaches at recovery. Hoover was the kind of man who believed that nothing should be given away, and that people should work hard for their money. He thought that the best way to help the economy was to do nothing. FDR had a very different plan; his New Deal gave workers everywhere jobs. He started all kinds of associations to encourage employment and give people money. The Tennessee Valley Authority was one example of FDR’s attempts to recover from the Depression. Hoover had rejected giving government aid to the building of the damn in Tennessee because he thought it was too socialistic. He vetoed the measure because he opposed the government’s selling electricity in competition with its own citizens in private companies. This economic difference separated FDR from Hoover. FDR, a socialistic president, and Hoover, a hands-off president, were very different politically. FDR took control of the government and actually did many illegal but necessary things. His New Deal programs aimed at the three R’s, relief, recover, and reform. Hoover had no specific plans for recovery after the Depression. He basically did nothing and hoped the economy would recover on its own. One way FDR was able to quickly move the government was by getting rid of many ultraconservative Supreme Court justices. By weakening the system of checks and balances, FDR was sometimes accused for being a dictator. However, this control was very necessary during the tough economic times. Another Essay Sample on great depression One of the biggest economic disasters ever was the Great Depression. It began on Black Thursday a day that sent millions to the streets to live. The Great Depression was caused by many reasons; the three main ones were foreign politics, government policy, and maldistribution of wealth that the availability of credit made worse. Foreign politics was a big factor in the cause of the Great Depression. During the 1920s America was very prosperous because it sold over 10% of its goods to the European exports without buying any imports. Europe was borrowing money from United States so they could buy our goods. However, when World War I struck, European nations were taking all of the lent United States money and they were spending it on resources for the war. They purchased weapons, ammunition, and food. One encyclopedia even gives reference to the vulnerability of the banking system, the banking system was not well prepared to absorb the shock of a major recession. (3, Wiki) They were working hard on rebuilding infrastructure and purchasing supplies that they couldnt pay back the United States. The European nations couldnt afford to pay the United States back and they didnt feel the need to. As one historian, Mr. John D. Hicks summarizes it, the Allies attitude to the debt toward the United States is like this, In their view, the war was fought for the common objective, and the victory was essential for the safety of the United States as for their own. The United States had entered the struggle late, and had poured forth no such contribution in lives and losses as the Allies had made. It had paid in dollars, not in death and destruction, and now it wanted its dollars back. (Hicks, 1) During WWI United States loaned the Allies $7 billion. By 1920, we lent another $900 million, and in 1928, another $1.25 billion.

Crafting Business Writing Goals for Performance Reviews

Crafting Business Writing Goals for Performance Reviews To accurately measure employee business writing, itis critical to link the business goals of the employee's key documents to specific writing attributes. "Better report writing" or "more clear email" is too vague and impossible to measure. Instead, approach it more strategically: Define the goals of the documents your employees need to write. Assess the sub-skills required for these documents. Evaluate if these identified sub-skills actually support the overall document goals. What is the desired outcome for the employee's documents? First, identify the key documents the employee needs to write and then assess the requisite skills for each of these major documents. For example, if an employee needs to write spec documents for vendors, the end goal of these spec documents is likely receiving vendor RFPs that accurately respond with solutions that match your company's specs and needs. Or, if employees need to write reports on the status of critical company equipement, the end goal of these status reports is likely keeping your executive team informed about key equipment or perhaps requesting funding for needed repairs. So, the first task in crafting employee business writing goals is defining the real business purpose of each document. Don't move immediately to syntax and language, which is a very common mistake. Every business document requires five core requisite skills: Audience awareness Appropriate content Content logically categorized Content logically sequenced Syntax and grammar that is clear and correct and interesting Let's apply these requisite skills to the employee who needs to write spec documents: Sub-skill = audience awareness - Do the spec documents accurately address an identified reader (i.e. the employee understands when a vendor is unfamiliar, or familiar, or interested, or disinterested, or experienced, or less experienced). In essence, the employee is able to critically assess both the project and the vendor's current understanding. Sub-skill = appropriate content - Do the spec documents provide complete yet non-redundant information,based on vendor needs.For example, a vendor who has never worked with your company likely needs more background information than a vendor who has successfully completed a similar project before. This is the most important skill in business writing. Be sure you thoroughly assess the substance of your employees' documents. This substance - the information, details, and general content - enables a reader to know or do the task at hand, so it's critical. Any gaps or errors here, and it can echo into very costly problems later. Sub-skill = logical organization - Are the spec documents logically organized? Is the information logically grouped, and tiered? Can the vendor readily identify significant information and delineate what is essential from background information? Sub-skill = logical sequencing - Do the spec documents start at the best place, move logically through the information, and close clearly and logically? Sub-skill = language and syntax and format - Is the grammar correct in the spec documents? Is the language clear? Is the tone professional and well matched to your company and vendor? Is the document easy to skim and absorb for busy readers? This same process can be applied to customer service email, quarterly performance reports, business justification documents, or any key documents you or your employees write.The key is to identify the desired business outcome of key documents, and then break down the requisite skills into measurable components. Goals must be linked to document outcome, with the skills broken down, or there is no real way to measure the progress or identify the skill gaps. Without the skill gaps clearly identified, any training or feedback will be hit or miss. Most performance reviews for business writing focus primary on syntax - the language, grammar, and tone of the document. That is a mistake. It's essential to evaluate both substance and syntax. To do this, we have to first define purpose and then assess the requisite sub-skills. There is another significant benefit of linking the document goals to specific rhetorical measurements. It's very likely that some employees, particularly non-native business writers, are weak in syntax and grammar, yet have fantastic analytical skills. This approach strengthens that desirable analytical thinking and places focus on the areas where real skill gains can happen. WHERE WE CAN ASSIST We can analyze your employees' writing skills and write the performance goals for you. As you can see, this requires a thoughtful document purpose and writing analysis. All of our customized business writing training includes this assessment. Our executive business writing coaching program includes this, and coaches the employee until these identified skills are attained.

Passed vs Past

Passed vs Past Passed vs Past Passed vs Past By Ali Hale Sandi from Inspiration for Writers wrote to ask: â€Å"Can you do a segment on Past vs. Passedif you havent already? Too many get these words mixed up.† Very happy to oblige, Sandi! Past – relates to location The word past locates something in time, and sometimes in space. It can be used as an adjective, noun, or adverb. Past as an adjective The first definition which the OED gives for past as an adjective is â€Å"Gone by in time; elapsed; done with; over.† For example: â€Å"The days for mourning are now past.† When attributed to a group of people, past can also mean â€Å"Having served ones term of office; former.† (OED) All past presidents of the United States were male. And in grammar, we have more examples of past being used as an adjective, such as in â€Å"past tense† and â€Å"past participle†. Past as a noun The main meaning for the noun form of past, given by the OED, is â€Å"The time that has gone by; a time, or all of the time, before the present.† In the past, standards were higher. â€Å"We cannot live in the past.† Past as a preposition As a preposition, past can mean: â€Å"Beyond in time; after; beyond the age for or time of; (in stating the time of day) so many minutes, or a quarter or half of an hour, after a particular hour.† (OED) It is almost half past five. It can also be used for location: â€Å"Beyond in place; further on than; at or on the further side of; to a point beyond.† (OED) My house is the one just past the turning. Past as an adverb The first meaning the OED cites for past being used as an adverb is â€Å"So as to pass or go by; by.† For example: The ball sped past the goalkeeper. Passed – a verb in the past tense Passed is the past participle of the verb â€Å"to pass†. It can be an intransitive verb (one which doesn’t require an object) or a transitive verb (one which requires both a subject and one or more objects). â€Å"To pass† means â€Å"To proceed, move forward, depart; to cause to do this.† (OED) This can refer to movement forwards in time, in space, or in life (such as â€Å"to pass an examination†). For example: The weeks passed quickly. (Intransitive: subject â€Å"the weeks† and no object). I passed all my exams! (Transitive: subject â€Å"I† and object â€Å"my exams†.) He passed the ball well during the match earlier. (Transitive: subject â€Å"He† and object â€Å"the ball†.) When do â€Å"past† and â€Å"passed† get confused? Often, writers muddle the words past and passed in sentences such as: â€Å"The heroes passed a village on their way towards the mountains.† It’s common to see this written as: â€Å"The heroes past a village on their way towards the mountains.† But the word should be passed, as (in this sentence) it’s the past participle of the verb â€Å"to pass†. An easy way to tell is to rewrite the sentence in the present tense, as though you’re describing something which is happening currently: â€Å"The heroes pass a village on their way towards the mountains.† or â€Å"The heroes are passing a village on their way towards the mountains.† However, if you wrote: â€Å"The heroes walked past a village on their way towards the mountains.† It’s correct to use past. The verb in this sentence is â€Å"walked†, and the â€Å"past† is acting as an adverb. Unusual uses of the word â€Å"passed† Most of the time, passed is a verb, as described above. There are a few occasions when it can be used as a noun or an adjective, though. For example: â€Å"Don’t speak ill of the passed.† (noun) This comes from the phrase â€Å"passed-away†. â€Å"A passed pawn† (adjective) Term used in chess. â€Å"A passed ball† (adjective) Term used in baseball. â€Å"A passed midshipman/fireman/surgeon† (adjective) Someone who has passed a period of instruction and qualified through examination – apparently this usage arose in the navy. Have you come across any other unusual uses? Are there still any cases where you’re not sure whether to use passed or past? Share your examples with us in the comments below! Why Do People Confuse â€Å"Past† and â€Å"Passed†, Anyway? The words â€Å"past† and â€Å"passed† are homonyms (or homophones): they sound alike, but they’re two different words. This makes it easy to confuse them when writing – just like people often confuse the words â€Å"there†, â€Å"their† and â€Å"they’re†. It doesn’t help that â€Å"past† and â€Å"passed† have quite similar meanings, each referring to movement relating to a fixed point (in time, space, or even life). This means it’s a lot easier to muddle them up than it is with some other homonyms with very different meanings, like â€Å"blue† and â€Å"blew†. For a whole list of homonyms that commonly get confused, check out 25 Confused Homonym Pairs. Quick Rules of Thumb When Dealing With â€Å"Past† and â€Å"Passed† If you’re still struggling with â€Å"past† and â€Å"passed†, remember, â€Å"past† can’t be used as a verb. If you find it hard to identify a verb, try replacing â€Å"passed† with the words â€Å"went by†, and see if your sentence works: The heroes passed a village on their way towards the mountains. The heroes went by a village on their way towards the mountains. Time passed slowly that afternoon. Time went by slowly that afternoon. (This won’t work in every case – e.g. â€Å"He passed his exams† won’t sound right as â€Å"He went by his exams† – but it’ll help you a lot of the time.) Alternatively, as mentioned above, you can rewrite the sentence in the present tense, as though it’s happening right now. Right/Wrong Examples of the Use of Past and Passed Sometimes, it’s helpful to take a look at some examples so you can double-check if you’re using â€Å"past† and â€Å"passed† the right way: Right: He ran straight past the bus stop. (â€Å"Past† is acting as a preposition here and could be replaced with the word â€Å"by†) Wrong: He ran straight passed the bus stop. (â€Å"Passed† can’t be a preposition.) Right: He passed the bus stop on his run. (â€Å"Passed† is a past-tense verb here and could be replaced with â€Å"went by†.) Wrong: He past the bus stop on his run. (â€Å"Past† can’t be a verb.) Right: She passed the time by reading a novel. (Here, â€Å"passed† is a transitive verb and â€Å"time† is the direct object.) Wrong: She past the time by reading a novel. (â€Å"Past† can’t be a verb.) Right: It is past the time you should be home. (â€Å"Past† is a preposition here. You could replace it with â€Å"after† or â€Å"beyond†.) Wrong: It is passed the time you should be home. (â€Å"Passed† can’t be a preposition.) Hopefully this helps clear up any â€Å"past† vs â€Å"passed† confusion for you. Past vs Passed Quiz For each sentence, select whether past or passed is correct. 1. The time [past/passed] slowly that afternoon. passed past 2. If I had a time machine, Id rather travel to the future than the [past/passed]. passed past 3. The bus will arrive at half [past/passed] six. passed past 4. My friend [past/passed] all her exams. past passed Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Types and Forms of HumorFor Sale vs. On SalePresent Participle as Adjective